2008年托福网考今起接受考生在线报名，全年的托福考位一次性对外放出。记者发现，很多考生今天零点开始就在网上不停刷页面，争抢考位。
　　
　　记者在复旦大学bbs上看到，不断有考生发帖公布注册考位的情况。为抢到适合自己的考点和考试时间，有人从零点开始守在电脑前，不停登陆托福网考报名网站；还有学生担心学校网速太慢影响报名，咨询要不要改换阵地到网吧；《新托福报名不为人知的9个技巧》等帖子也陆续出现在各大相关论坛，其中详细介绍了报名时刷新网页的间隔、托福考位放出间隔等实用信息，
　　
　　上午8点左右，有考生宣布自己成功抢到考位，之后几家欢喜几家忧，有的上来报喜，"晒"自己的考试时间和地点，有的不断抱怨网页打开太慢，"进度条为0，哭啊，20分钟也不动一下"。记者9：30登陆教育部考试中心托福网考报名网站，差不多20分钟后才显示页面
，最上面还有一行提示："网站高峰时间，请在1秒后再点击链接或按钮或刷新本页面"。
　　
　　据了解，2008年TOEFL网考容量大幅提高，全国现有考场87个，比去年同期至少增加了80%，而且还将增加。

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从这些天我的AdSense数据来看，AdSense点击率似乎有一点点下降，但是eCPM看上去似乎也没有得到提高，反而得到了降低，总的来说，Google AdSense实行的这套“提高用户体验”的策略后，这几天我的AdSense广告收入在这个月最低的几天。

　　当然，这项修改所造成的影响还不能仅仅从几天的数据就能确定，但是我想，对于那些对于网络知识不太了解的用户来说，新的广告格式可能会让用户找不到点击的地方，造成整体广告点击率下降，但是我们不能否认，那些对于网络不太了解的用户，可能是最易于消费的一批用户，这对于广告发布商来说可能也是一个损失。

　年费：中行的信用卡年费是每张卡５０元，招行的是１００元。招行目前实行刷卡６次免年费，实际上算取消了年费，不知道这项优惠能持续多长时间。中行信用卡可以使用积分来抵消年费，消费５０００元的积分可以抵消一年的年费。

　　网上银行：招行的信用卡一开始就有网上银行，其专业版的网上银行则更加安全。中行人民币信用卡没有网上银行，国际卡有ＷＥＢ界面的网上银行，但功能很少。

　　服务：招行有８００免费服务电话，一打就通。中行信用卡是９５５６６收费电话，而且以前很难接通人工服务，不过现在招行的８００电话也开始难打了。

　　信用额度：招行的信用额度控制相对来说比较灵活一些，一开始招行给我的信用额度只有８０００元，不过随着我后来频繁地使用招行卡消费，招行就主动将我的信用额度提高到１３０００元，这很出乎我的意料。中行则需要去柜台申请提高信用额度，并且要给出相关的信用证明。

　　一卡双币：招行的一卡双币非常好，美元卡和人民币卡同时使用一个卡号，很方便，我用招行卡在国外消费美元，全部都可以成功消费。中行分两个卡，不是象招行那样共享额度。美元消费和还款不方便。

　　美元还款：招行可以通过电话来设置人民币还款美元。中行则要去柜台办理。

　　消费通知：大额人民币消费，两个银行都会发短信立刻通知。招行信用卡消费后，第二天就可以看到帐单，并提供每天电子邮件对帐单的功能，非常实用。中行信用卡什么都没有提供，只有每月通过信件邮寄帐单，没有网上查询，只能等到月底才能看帐单，很不方便。由于招行的卡可以在国外网站用美元消费，因此有一段时间，每当我在国外网站消费了美元，哪怕只有５美元，招行的小姐就立刻打我手机向我确认，我开始以为只是临时的，没想到以后每次美元消费他们都来确认，烦的我只好打他们客服电话，警告他们停止对我进行电话骚扰，之后他们才停止了美元消费确认。中行则从来没有电话消费确认过。

　　销卡：招行销卡很方便，只需要打８００电话就可以注销信用卡。中行则必须本人带身份证去开户银行的柜台才能办理注销手续。他们是上门来推销信用卡，但是我注销的时候却要坐一个小时车去他们的分行去注销，很不方便。

　　消费积分：招行的消费积分实在是笑话，有和没有其实没什么区别。中行的消费积分按年度，可以换取一些小礼品，其礼品内容相当丰富，有日用百货，还有小家用电器，很实惠，这一点招行应该向中行学习。

　　我的选择：通过几年来使用２种信用卡的经验，我感觉招行的信用卡无论是从功能还是服务上都好于中行，因此我也就逐步注销了中行的信用卡，希望招行能够继续在信用卡上努力，不要辜负了我们这些老用户的支持。

Giving Life Meaning

Have you thought about what you want people to say about you after you’re gone? Can you hear the voice saying, “He was a great man.” Or “She really will be missed.” What else do they say?

One of the strangest phenomena of life is to engage in a work that will last long after death. Isn’t that a lot like investing all your money so that future generations can bare interest on it? Perhaps, yet if you look deep in your own heart, you’ll find something drives you to make this kind of contribution---something drives every human being to find a purpose that lives on after death.

Do you hope to memorialize your name? Have a name that is whispered with reverent awe? Do you hope to have your face carved upon 50 ft of granite rock? Is the answer really that simple? Is the purpose of lifetime contribution an ego-driven desire for a mortal being to have an immortal name or is it something more?

A child alive today will die tomorrow. A baby that had the potential to be the next Einstein will die from complication is at birth. The circumstances of life are not set in stone. We are not all meant to live life through to old age. We’ve grown to perceive life3 as a full cycle with a certain number of years in between. If all of those years aren’t lived out, it’s a tragedy. A tragedy because a human’s potential was never realized. A tragedy because a spark was snuffed out before it ever became a flame.

By virtue of inhabiting a body we accept these risks. We expose our mortal flesh to the laws of the physical environment around us. The trade off isn’t so bad when you think about it. The problem comes when we construct mortal fantasies of what life should be like. When life doesn’t conform to our fantasy we grow upset, frustrated, or depressed.

We are alive; let us live. We have the ability to experience; let us experience. We have the ability to learn; let us learn. The meaning of life can be grasped in a moment. A moment so brief it often evades our perception.

What meaning stands behind the dramatic unfolding of life? What single truth can we grasp and hang onto for dear life when all other truths around us seem to fade with time?
These moments are strung together in a series we call events. These events are strung together in a series we call life. When we seize the moment and bend it according to our will, a will driven by the spirit deep inside us, then we have discovered the meaning of life, a meaning for us that shall go on long after we depart this Earth.

Abundance Is A Life Style

Abundance is a life style, a way of living your life.  It
isn't something you buy now and then or pull down from the
cupboard, dust off and use once or twice, and then return to
the cupboard.

Abundance is a philosophy, it appears in your physiology,
your value system, and carries its own set of beliefs.  You
walk with, sleep with it, bath with it, feel with it, and
need to maintain and take care of it as well.

Its not walk existent with "S" for sap on your forehead
either.  It’s a knowing that you're perfect in your present
moment, that what you have right now was most likely based
on choices you made yesterday and what you needed to learn
in order to be in the prefect moment now.  Yet not seen as
right or wrong but let go of those judgments and embrace
with a splendidness that you can symbol with just a single
choice right now.

Abundance doesn't inflexibly require money.  Many people live
with all that money can buy yet live empty inside.
Abundance begins inside with some main self-ingredients,
like love, care, kindness, and gentleness, thoughtfulness
and compassion.  repleteness is a state of being.  It radiates
outward.  It shines like the sun midst the many moons I the
world.  It’s subsistent the sun with discernment and love for the
gift of this being.

Being from the auspiciousness of dump doesn't assent the
darkness to spring or be in the path unless a peerless to
allow it to.  The true state of tirade doesn't have room
for lies or games normally played.  The space is too full of
abundance.  This may be a thwart in that we still need to
shine for others to see.

Progressing into abundance, a transition, requires courage.
It is driven by the feeling of knowing of its possibility
and seeing the little spots and lenient them to grow
bigger.  Making them consistent choices and removing all
else, that doesn't fuel that being.

Abundance is seeing people for their gifts and not what they
lack or could be. Seeing all things for their gifts and not
what they lack.

Start by knowing what your abundances are, fill that space
with you, and be fully present from that state of being.
Your profession of voice is telling you this already.
Examples:  Coaches have an superfluity of knowing and
possibilities.  That is their gift.  Consultants and
customer service professionals have the flood of
success, practicality, in common.  directing Assistants
and Virtual Assistants have an productivity of coordination and
time management.  oceans is all here and there you, and all
within.  See what it is, love yourself for what it is, not
what you're missing, or what that can be better.  But for
what is, at this present moment.

Be in a state of multiplicity of what you before all have.  I
guarantee they are there, it ever and anon is.  concealed but there.
Breathe them in as if they are the air you trumpet because
they are yours.  Let go of that isn't effuse for
the time being.  Name the shoe boxes in your bank with
your gifts of abundance; pull from them every morning if
needed.  Know they are there.

Learning to trust in your own exuberance is required.  Who
else can you more than yourself?  No one.  When you commence to
be within your own space of superfluity whatever you need will
appear whenever you need it.  That’s just the way the higher
powers set this universe up to work.  Trust the universal
energy.  The knowing of it all will humble you to its power
yet let the promptness of you shine everywhere it needs to.
Just by stuff from a state of abundance, it is inmost heart you.

Human Life a Poem
  I think that from a biological standpoint, human life almost reads like a poem. It has
its own rhythm and beat, its internal cycles of growth and decay. It begins with innocent childhood, followed by awkward adolescence trying awkwardly to adapt itself to mature society, with its young passions and follies, its ideals and ambitions; then it reaches a manhood of intense activities, profiting from experience and learning more about society and human nature; at middle age, there is a slight easing of tension, a mellowing of character like the ripening of fruit or the mellowing of good wine, and the gradual acquiring of a more tolerant, more cynical and at the same time a kindlier view of life;then in the sunset of our life, the endocrine glands decrease their activity, and if we have a true philosophy of old age and have ordered our life pattern according to it, it is for us the age of peace and security and leisure and contentment; finally, life flickers out and one goes into eternal sleep, never to wake up again. One should be able to sense the beauty of this rhythm of life, to appreciate, as we do in grand symphonies,its main theme, its strains of conflict and the final resolution.
  No one can say that a life with childhood, manhood and old age is not a beautiful arrangement; the day has its morning, noon and sunset, and the year has its seasons, and it is good that it is so. There is no good or bad in life, except what is good according to its own seasoN. And if we take this biological view of life and try to live according to the seasons, no one but a conceited fool or an impossible idealist can deny that human life can be lived like a poem.

人生就像一首诗
  从生物学角度来看，我认为人生读起来就像一首诗。人生有着独特的韵律和节奏，有着内在的发展和衰退周期。人生始于天真无邪的童年时代，随之而来的是不知所措的少年时代，笨手笨脚地努力适应成熟的社会。在此期间，既有青春的激情和傻气，也有人生的理想和抱负。紧接着就到了紧张激烈的成年时期，人们从经验中受益，更多地了解社会和人性。人值中年，可以稍事放松，此时性格趋于成熟，如同成熟的果实和甘醇的美酒；人生态度逐渐变得更加宽容，更加冷峻，同时也更加仁慈。再往后，就到了人生的夕阳时期。此时，内分泌腺活动减弱。假如我们真正参透老年哲学，并据此安排我们的生活模式，晚年对我们来说就是平和、安定、闲适、满足的岁月。最后，生命之火熄灭，一个人永远睡去，不再醒来。我们应当能够感受人生节奏之美，如同欣赏宏大的交响乐，我们能够欣赏它的主题，它的冲突旋律以及最后的和声。
  没有人敢说，由童年、成年和晚年构成的人生不是一种绝妙的安排。一日之中有清晨、正午和日落，一年之中有四季。大自然如此安排自有其道理。人生并无好坏之分，只有看能否适应“季节”才可以品评优劣。假如我们能从这种生物学角度来看待人生，尽量顺时而生，适季而活，除了傲慢自大的傻瓜和无可救药的理想主义者，谁又能否认，人生可以活得像一首诗呢?

Be Happy

“The days that make us happy make us wise.”----John Masefield

when I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it.

Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear.

Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or contentment ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision.

Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall. Happy, the wall crumbles.

The long vista is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you----people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now fitted into the larger scene. Everything assumes a fairer proportion. And here is the beginning of wisdom.

Clear Your Mental Space

Jennifer Givler

Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion – like stress, anger, or frustration.

What was going through your mind as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered with thoughts? Or was it paralyzed, unable to think?

The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Yes, that’s right, stop. Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute. While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion.

Allow that emotion to consume you. Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion. Don’t cheat yourself here. Take the entire minute – but only one minute – to do nothing else but feel that emotion.

When the minute is over, ask yourself “am I willing to keep holding on to this negative emotion as I go through the rest of the day?”

Once you’ve allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really feel it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion clears rather quickly.

If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is ok. Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion.

When you feel you’ve had enough of the emotion, ask yourself if you’re willing to carry that negativity with you for the rest of the day. If not, take a deep breath, as you exhale, release all that negativity with your breath.

This exercise seems simple – almost too simple. But, it is very effective. By allowing that negative emotion the space to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion rather than stuffing it down and trying not to feel it. You are actually taking away the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs. When you immerse yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it loses its control. You can clear your head and proceed with your task.

Try it. Next time you’re in the middle of a negative emotion, give yourself the space to feel the emotion and see what happens. Keep a piece of paper with you that says the following:

Stop Immerse for 1 Minute Do I want to keep this negativity? Breath deep, exhale, release. Move on!

This will remind you of the steps to the process. Remember, take the time you need to really immerse yourself in the emotion. Then, when you feel you’ve felt it enough, release it – really let go of it. You will be surprised at how quickly you can move on from a negative situation and get to what you really .

The Goodness of Life

        Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful. Though life's goodness can at times be overshadowed, it is never outweighed.

    For every single act that is senselessly destructive, there are thousands more small, quiet acts of love, kindness and compassion. For every person who seeks to hurt, there are many, many more who devote their lives to helping and to healing.

    There is a goodness to life that cannot be denied. In the most magnificent vistas and in the smallest details, look closely, for that goodness always comes shining through.

    There is no limit to the goodness of life. It grows more abundant with each new encounter. The more you experience and appreciate the goodness of life, the more there is to be lived.

     Even when the cold winds blow and the world seems to be covered in foggy shadows, the goodness of life lives on. Open your eyes, open your heart, and you will see that goodness is everywhere.

    Though the goodness of life seems at times to suffer setbacks, it always endures. For in the darkest moment it becomes vividly clear that life is a priceless treasure.

    And so the goodness of life is made even stronger by the very things that would oppose it.

    Time and time again when you feared it was gone forever you found that the goodness of life was really only a moment away. Around the next corner, inside every moment, the goodness of life is there to surprise and delight you.

    Take a moment to let the goodness of life touch your spirit and calm your thoughts. Then, share your good fortune with another. For the goodness of life grows more and more magnificent each time it is given away.

    Though the problems constantly scream for attention and the conflicts appear to rage ever stronger, the goodness of life grows stronger still, quietly, peacefully, with more purpose and meaning than ever before.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role tWhat is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

o play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

 

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

 

What is your Recovery Rate?
by Graham and Julie Harris

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviours that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? How long? The longer it takes you to recover the more influence that incident has on your actions, the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell the longer it takes you to recover the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

Just ask yourself:

How many times have I got upset with my spouse or partner for something the children did hours ago?

How many times have I missed an opportunity because I was still focused on an upset and all I could say was ‘NO’ to everything?

How many times have I driven my car erratically because I was still thinking of an incident that made me angry?

The point is: a poor recovery rate affects your health. A poor recovery rate affects your well being. A poor recovery rate stops you from living to your potential.

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium the healthier you will be. The best example of this behaviour is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

How long does it take you to recover and overcome and forget an incident at work or at home?

A method that I and many others use to help us reduce the recovery time is the method of the FULL STOP.

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

Now think about your life. Imagine life is no more than a play, a drama and we each have a role to play in that drama. Your job is to play your part to the best of your ability and the better you play your part the more chance that you will inspire others around you to improve their performance. Each incident you face is a new sentence. Just put a full stop behind it and start again. Accept that every time you meet someone or have a conversation with a person on the telephone or even send an email it is a new incident. You have both moved on since you last met, so remembering the last occasion only keeps you in the past and stops you moving forward and stops you seeing new opportunities. The next time you see the person that upset you, or you upset, is a new occasion. There is nothing to be gained by continuing from where you left off. The incident has finished. You are both in a different place now. It is a new sentence so start again.

My grandmother used to call it destiny. “Accept what has happened as part of your destiny and live with it”, was a favourite phrase of hers. You cannot change what has happened. Sulking or brooding will not help. Analysing will only give you a headache and keep it fresh in your mind. In the same way that you cannot enter the same river twice, you will never face the exact same incident again so why analyse that one? You can however notice whether you have a habit or thought pattern that clicks in in certain circumstances and stops you performing to your best. You can then look at the habit and decide how you can change it.

The secret to a better life is be like the sportsperson, ask yourself:

Did I recover quicker today than I did yesterday?

Did I recover quicker this time than the last occasion I faced a similar incident?

Did I allow myself to be average today?

Did I equal or improve on my personal best today?

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

What we are suggesting is not an easy path. To work on your recovery rate and make changes in your thoughts, behaviour and attitudes requires a great deal of effort. However, the rewards are also great. It is important that you don’t force yourself to work on your recovery rate because you think you ought to or must or because you feel it will ‘make you a better person’. There's no benefit in that because you will not stick to the task. You will make a great deal of effort at the beginning but when you are not achieving the results you want you will stop or look for another technique. Only when you really feel you want to change; when you realise life is not working for you at the moment using the methods you are using, will you put in the effort to change your behaviour to improve your recovery rate. You can only improve your recovery rate when you can see that there is great benefit for the self.

Once you decide you wish to improve your recovery rate, you will start to check and change your thoughts and behaviours and make efforts to perform to your personal best. You can check your progress by measuring the speed in which you are able to apply a full stop; the time it takes you to let go. The time it takes before you are functioning at or near your personal best again.

Check yourself:

What was my recovery rate after the argument with my partner?

What was my recovery rate after I lost a sale?

What was my recovery rate after I received a ticket for speeding?

What was my recovery rate after I heard a friend was ill?

What was my recovery rate after I got frustrated with myself over………?

But remember; Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to yourself, ‘I did that wrong’, ‘I should have done better there’. No. Look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here.

Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

The way forward? Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

 

The Road to Success

     It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of a business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.

     Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is "aim high." I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner or the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself, "My place is at the top." Be king in your dreams.

     And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here, there, and everywhere. "Don't put all your eggs in one basket" is all wrong. I tell you "put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket." It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble and trip him up.

On Meeting the Celebrated

   I have always wondered at the passion many people have to meet the celebrated. The prestige you acquire by being able to tell your friends that you know famous men proves only that you are yourself of small account. The celebrated develop a technique to deal with the persons they come across. They show the world a mask, often an impressive on, but take care to conceal their real selves. They play the part that is expected from them, and with practice learn to play it very well, but you are stupid if you think that this public performance of theirs corresponds with the man within.

   I have been attached, deeply attached, to a few people; but I have been interested in men in general not for their own sakes, but for the sake of my work. I have not, as Kant enjoined, regarded each man as an end in himself, but as material that might be useful to me as a writer. I have been more concerned with the obscure than with the famous. They are more often themselves. They have had no need to create a figure to protect themselves from the world or to impress it. Their idiosyncrasies have had more chance to develop in the limited circle of their activity, and since they have never been in the public eye it has never occurred to them that they have anything to conceal. They display their oddities because it has never struck them that they are odd. And after all it is with the common run of men that we writers have to deal; kings, dictators, commercial magnates are from our point of view very unsatisfactory. To write about them is a venture that has often tempted writers, but the failure that has attended their efforts shows that such beings are too exceptional to form a proper ground for a work of art. They cannot be made real. The ordinary is the writer’s richer field. Its unexpectedness, its singularity, its infinite variety afford unending material. The great man is too often all of a piece; it is the little man that is a bundle of contradictory elements. He is inexhaustible. You never come to the end of the surprises he has in store for you. For my part I would much sooner spend a month on a desert island with a veterinary surgeon than with a prime minister.

The 50-Percent Theory of Life
生活半对半   
    
I believe in the 50-percent theory. Half the time things are better than normal; the other half, they are worse. I believe life is a pendulum swing. It takes time and experience to understand what normal is, and that gives me the perspective to deal with the surprises of the future.
我信奉对半理论。生活时而无比顺畅，时而倒霉透顶，好坏参半。我觉得生活就像来回晃动的钟摆。读懂生活的常态需要时间和阅历，也正是这样才练就了我面对未来荣辱不惊的生活态度。   
    
Let's benchmark the parameters: Yes, I will die. I've dealt with the deaths of both parents, a best friend, a beloved boss and cherished pets. Some of these deaths have been violent, before my eyes, or slow and agonizing. Bad stuff, and it belongs at the bottom of the scale.
让我们掂量这些点点滴滴：是的，我注定会死去。我已经经历了双亲的仙逝，一位友人的亡故，一位敬爱的老板的离逝，还有心爱宠物的死亡。当中一些变故突如其来，直击眼前；有些却长期折磨，痛苦不堪。糟糕的事儿，它们驻留谷底。   
    
Then there are those high points: romance and marriage to the right person; having a child and doing those Dad things like coaching my son's baseball team, paddling around the creek in the boat while he's swimming with the dogs, discovering his compassion so deep it manifests even in his kindness to snails, his imagination so vivid he builds a spaceship from a scattered pile of Legos. 
当然生活也不乏熠熠光彩：坠入爱河缔结良缘；养育幼子身为人父，训练儿子的棒球队，当他和狗在水中嬉戏时，摇桨划船前瞻后顾，感受他如此强烈的同情心——即使对蜗牛也善待有加，发现他如此活跃的想像力——即使零散的积木也能堆出太空飞船。   
    
But there is a vast meadow of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flip-flop acrobatically. This is what convinces me to believe in the 50-percent theory. 
但在它们发生期间有一片宽广的草坪，在那儿上演的各种好事坏事像耍杂技一样地翻新。这就是让我信服对半理论的原因。   
    
One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland so flood-prone that neighbors laughed. I felt chagrined at the wasted effort. Summer turned brutal -- the worst heat wave and drought in my lifetime. The air-conditioner died, the well went dry, the marriage ended, the job lost, the money gone. I was living lyrics from a country tune -- music I loathed. Only a surging Kansas City Royals team, bound for their first World Series, buoyed my spirits.
有一年春天，我在一片容易被淹的低洼地过早地种下了玉米，邻居们都为此嘲笑我。一番心血付之东流让我懊恼不已。接着我生命中最难熬的酷暑来临了——热浪袭人，酿至旱灾。空调失灵，水井枯竭，婚姻破裂，惨遭失业，积蓄挥空。我正经历某个乡村调频描绘的情节，我讨厌这种音乐。只有一支人气攀升的堪萨斯皇家棒球队的小组因他们的第一次出征世界大赛团结起来使我精神振奋。   
    
Looking back on that horrible summer, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely offset the bad. Worse than normal wouldn't last long. I am owed and savor the halcyon times. They reinvigorate me for the next nasty surprise and offer assurance that I can thrive. The 50 percent theory even helps me see hope beyond my Royals' recent slump, a field of struggling rookies sown so that some year soon we can reap an October harvest.
回想那个可怕的夏天，我不久就明白了所有的好事坏事不过是正负抵消。不顺心的境遇不会延宕过久。太平时光是我应得的，我要尽情享受。它们给我新的活力以应对突如其来的险境，并确保我再度辉煌。对半理论甚至帮我在我喜爱的皇家棒球队最近的低潮中看到希望——这是一块艰难行进的新手们耕耘的土地，播种了，假以时日我们就可以收获十月的金秋。   
    
Oh, yeah, the corn crop? For that one blistering summer, the ground moisture was just right, planting early allowed pollination before heat withered the tops, and the lack of rain spared the standing corn from floods. That winter my crib overflowed with corn -- fat, healthy three-to-a-stalk ears filled with kernels from heel to tip -- while my neighbors' fields yielded only brown, empty husks. 
哦，对了，玉米收成？就那年炎热的夏天，庄稼地的湿度恰到好处，过早的种植使授粉避开酷热在顶梢干枯前完成，雨水稀少使地里长着的玉米免遭水灾。那年冬天，我的粮仓里堆满了玉米——饱满结实的玉米每株秆上结三个，每个玉米从底到顶端长满了玉米粒——而我的邻居们地里长出来的只是暗沉干瘪的壳。   
    
Although plantings past may have fallen below the 50-percent expectation, and they probably will again in the future, I am still sustained by the crop that flourishes during the drought.
尽管过去播种的收获没有达到50％的期望，而且将来也可能是这样，我仍然要为经历旱季依然丰收的玉米而坚守阵地。

Ambition

  It is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world: without demands, without abrasions, without disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the collectivity. Competition would never enter in. Conflict would be eliminated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of creation would be at an end. Art would no longer be troubling, but purely celebratory in its functions. Longevity would be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would stretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart.

  Ah, how unrelievedly boring life would be!

  There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth, and ambition therefore a sham. Does this mean that success does not really exist? That achievement is at bottom empty? That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events? Now not all success, obviously, is worth esteeming, nor all ambition worth cultivating. Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on one’s own. But even the most cynical secretly admit that success exists; that achievement counts for a great deal; and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless. To believe otherwise is to taken on a point of view that is likely to be deranging. It is, in its implications, to remove all motives for competence, interest in attainment, and regard for posterity.

  We don’t choose to be born. We don’t choose our parents. We don’t choose our historical epoch, the country of our birth, or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing. We don’t, most of us, choose to die; nor do we choose the time or conditions of our death. But within all this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we shall live: courageously or in cowardice, honorably or dishonorably, with purpose of in drift. We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.

[annotation]:

Abrasion磨损；
collectivity集体；
tumultuous喧嚣的，纷乱的；
Unrelievedly持续不变地，未缓和地；
sham骗局；
at bottom实际上；
cynical愤世嫉俗的；
derange打乱；
posterity子孙，后裔；
epoch时代，时期；
cowardice胆怯；怯懦；

What I have Lived For

  Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.

  I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy -- ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness -- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what -- at least -- I have found.

  With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.

  Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can't, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.

When love beckons you

  When love beckons to you, follow him, though his ways are hard and steep. And when his wings enfold you, yield to him, though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you. And when he speaks to you, believe in him, though his voice may shatter your dreams as the north wind lays waste the garden.

  For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you. Even as he is for your growth so is he for your pruning. Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches that quiver in the sun, so shall he descend to your roots and shake them in their clinging to the earth .

  But if, in your fear, you would seek only love’s peace and love’s threshing-floor, into the seasonless world where you shall laugh, but not all of your laughter, and weep, but not all of your tears. Love gives naught but itself and takes naught but from itself. Love possesses not, nor would it be possessed, for love is sufficient unto love.

  Love has no other desire but to fulfill itself. But if you love and must have desires, let these be your desires:

  To melt and be like a running brook that sings its melody to the night.

  To know the pain of too much tenderness.

  To be wounded by your own understanding of love;And to bleed willingly and joyfully.

  To wake at dawn with a winged heart and give thanks for another day of loving;

  To rest at the noon hour and meditate love’s ecstasy.

  To return home at eventide with gratitude;And then to sleep with a prayer for the beloved in your heart and a song of praise upon your lips.

[annotation]

Beckon召唤；
pinion羽翼；
crucify折磨；
pruning修剪；
Caress抚爱；
quiver震动，颤抖；
threshing-floor打谷场；
Naught零；
eventide黄昏；

 If I rest, I rust

    The significant inscription(题字，碑铭) found on an old key - "If I rest, I rust" - would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest taint of idleness. Even the industrious(勤奋的人) might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his faculties to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust, and ultimately, cannot do the work required of them.

    Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gates that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture, -every department of human endeavor.

    Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasure of achievemenet. If  Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evening s to rest and  recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist. The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness. Had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside, instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer.

    Labor vanquished all, - not inconstant, spasmodic, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, unremitting, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose. Just as truly as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so is eternal industry the price of noble and enduring success.

companionship of books 与书为伴

  a man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.

  a good book may be among the best of friends. it is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. it is the most patient and cheerful of companions. it does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. it always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.

  men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book. the book is a truer and higher bond of union. men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. they live in him together and he, in them.

  a good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man's life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.

  books possess an essence of immortality. they are by far the most lasting products of human effort. temples and statues decay, but books survive. time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds, ages ago. what was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. the only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.

  books introduce us into the best society, they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. we hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.

Three days to see

  All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours, but always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.

  Such stories set up thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. What associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?

  Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of "Eat, drink, and be merry," most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.

  Most of us take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future, when we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty task, hardly aware of our listless attitude towards life.

  The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sound hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we conscious of health until we are ill.

  I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

  Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. "Nothing in particular," she replied. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.

  How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough shaggy bark of a pine. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently in a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips. At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. The panorama of color and action fill the world is taken for granted. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light and the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather that as a means of adding fullness to life.

  Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for three days!

Youth

  Youth is not a time of life; it's a state of mind; it's not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it's a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it's the freshness of the deep springs of life.

   Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for the adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than of 20.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.

   Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear ,self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust.

Whether 60 or 16 ,there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station: so long as it receives message of beauty ,hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.

   When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cyniciam and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20,but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80.

1. 新的产品版本
　　除SQL Server 2005标准版和企业版之外，产品线中还加入了SQL Server 2005简化版(SQL Server 2005 Exdivss)和工作组版(SQL Server 2005 Workgroup)两个新版本。

　　SQL Server 2005 Exdivss——其作用是代替微软SQL Server桌面引擎(Microsoft SQL Server Desktop Engine，MSDE)。SQL Server 2005 Exdivss可以用于自由发布，并与SQL Server使用同样的关系数据库核心引擎。不同的是它并不像MSDE一样使用查询管理器。仅有的限制是一个CPU，1G的内存和每个数据库4G的存储空间。

　　SQL Server 2005——工作组版不是自由发布的。它的设计着眼点在于服务器消息块协议(SMB)和分部门解决方案。在量化性能上，它更优于SQL Server 2005 Exdivss，并能提供关系数据库的支持，只是缺少分析服务。工作组版限用于两个CPU，3G内存，数据库大小不限。

　　2. 新的子系统
　　在一些新的子系统的推动下，SQL Server 2005中的应用程序支持非常强大，其中包括整合服务、提醒服务、服务代理和报告服务。

　　整合服务——与之前负责此功能的DTS相比，速度快600%。SQL Server整合服务是拥有强大的工作流控制能力的企业级ETL平台。
　　提醒服务——可以提供搭建自定义提醒程序的应用框架。
　　服务代理——为建立高度量化程序提供异步进程处理功能。
　　报告服务——这是最值得升级的一项功能。报告服务是企业级的报告生成平台，可以对设计、布署、销售进行详细的报告。强大的ReportBuilder组件可以让最终用户也享受到报告服务。

　　3.整合全新的.NET Framework
　　对SQL Server 2005进行的最大的强化就是整合了.NET Framework。启用新的.NET整合功能后，你可以轻松地创建存储过程、函数、触发器、自定义类型、自定义数据集。你可以在任何.NET语言下使用EXEC　sp_configure ‘clr enabled' , ‘1'命令启用CLR支持。如果你还在使用过去的未管理的扩展存储过程，应该立即用SQLCLR存储过程代替。

　　3. 新的数据类型
　　SQL Server 2005中添加了两种新的数据类型：xml和varbinary(max)。
　　Xml数据类型——可以用于在SQL Server数据库中存储类型化或非类型化的XML数据，并通过Xquery进行查询。

　　Varbinary(max)数据类型——可以像访问普通数据一样对图像等二进制数据进行存储和读取。

　　4. 新的点对点事务型映射
　　通过SQL Server 2005中的新功能，我们可以轻松掌握微软对映射作出的这一最大改动。点对点事务型映射是针对双向映射设计的，可以使两个或多个数据库之间在任意一个确认产生改动时保持同步。

　　SQL Server 2005缺少的功能
　　6.数据镜像

　　毫无疑问，数据镜像是自从SQL Server于2005年11月发布的RTM版本以来一直被人想念的功能，因为它是使企业下定决心升级至SQL Server 2005的主要原因之一。预计这一功能会在2006年下半年重新加入。

　　7.SQL快速管理器
　　快速管理器试图为SQL Server 2005 Exdivss提供图形化的管理界面。然而它的功能有限，运行缓慢，微软不得不在SQL Server Management Studio中放弃了它，并重新命名为Exdivss。

　　如何找到SQL Server 2005的这些功能?
　　如果你是第一次使用SQL Server 2005，或许会被大量的新功能和界面改动弄得眼花缭乱。与任何一个版本相比，SQL Server 2005所做出的改动都是最大的。你会发现在SQL Server 2000或SQL Server 7中习惯使用的工具都被修改或去除了。

　　8.SQL Server服务管理器
　　在你升级到SQL Server 2005之后，你或许会有疑问：升级真的完成了吗?因为你会发现系统图标中的服务管理器不见了。SQL Server服务管理器已经被替换成了SQL Server配置管理器，可以通过“开始->程序->SQL Server 2005->管理工具->SQL Server配置管理器”，或者右键点击“我的电脑->管理”，然后打开服务与配置选项卡运行。

　　9.企业管理器
　　要找到新的管理器有一点麻烦，但你很快会发现在SQL Server 2005中，SQL Server企业管理器(SEM)已经被SQL Server管理中心 (SSMS)代替了。在对大量对象和服务器的管理中，SSMS的运行速度更快。

　　一切操作都可以用脚本实现。而且多数对话框不是传统的对话框模式，你可以更好地同时应付多个任务。

　　10.查询分析器
　　对开发人员和数据库管理员来说最重要的查询分析器已经换成了查询编辑器。你可以在管理中心中选择新建查询来调用它。查询编辑器提供了编写和运行T-SQL查询语句的分析器基本功能，并可以与SourceSafe整合进行版本控制。然而，查询编辑器缺少调试T-SQL语句的功能。你需要使用Visual Studio 2005的数据库项目来进行调试。
　　11.分析服务管理器

　　在SQL Server 2005中，微软彻底改变了分析服务的管理和开发配置。以往的分析服务管理器被SSMS和商业智能开发中心(BIDS)所代替。分析服务的管理由SSMS处理，创建和部署立方体结构等开发任务由BIDS处理。

　　12.DTS设计器
　　在SQL Server 2005中，DTS被SQL Server整合服务(SSIS)所代替。在处理过程中，以往的DTS设计器被新的SSIS设计器所代替。SQL Server 2000中，DTS设计器是在企业管理器中启动。而SSIS设计器是在BIDS中启动。打开BIDS，选择“文件->新建->项目->商业智能项目->整合服务项目”以启动SSIS设计器。

　　13.导入/导出向导
　　菜单里没有了这个选项，但它并没有被删除，你可以在命令行模式下运行dtswizard.exe找到它(别被字面蒙骗，这个程序是使用SSIS的，不是DTS)。你也可以打开一个SSIS项目，右键点击SSIS包来启动导入/导出。

来源：缘易姿姿Hermes Liu - 博客园
　　前面已经写了很多篇关于SqlPager的文章了，对于Sqlpager本身我就不再多说了！这次算是我对SqlPager的最后改进了吧！

主要的改进是在上一次修改了其样式表指定和数字分页的基础上进行的，主要修改的地方是分页的方式，原来一直是使用的select top 的分页，现在我改为了使用SQL存储过程分页了！主要是在使用原来那种分页方式的时候遇到了很多问题，最突出的一个问题就是无法使用飞关键字段排序，所以这次我对其进行了这个修改，相信通过这次的修改已经基本能够满足一般的需求了！

在此我就不用贴出可具体的代码了,代码的会作为附件供需要使用的人下载！在此我只说明一些要注意的地方。在此我在此写出调用的方法，因为和以前比有点变动。
用于数据绑定的方法：
1/**/＜summary＞
2 /// 绑定SqlPager2数据 存储过程的分页
3 /// ＜/summary＞
4 public void BindSqlPager2(
5 LJHSqlPager2.SqlPager sqlPager,
6 LJHSqlPager2.SortMode sort,
7 string sortfied,
8 string FieldKey,
9 string ConnectString,
10 string ControlName,
11 string CommandText,
12 string TableName,
13 string Fields,
14 string SqlCondition)
15 {
16 sqlPager.ConnectionString=ConnectString;
17 sqlPager.ControlToPaginate=ControlName;
18 sqlPager.SelectCommand=CommandText;
19 sqlPager.SortMode=sort;
20 sqlPager.FieldKey=FieldKey;
21 sqlPager.SortField=sortfied;
22 sqlPager.TableName=TableName;
23 sqlPager.Fields=Fields;
24 sqlPager.SQLCondition=SqlCondition;
25 sqlPager.DataBind();
27 }
　　对此方法说明一点：（在调用方法的时候）
　　this.BindSqlPager2(this.SqlPager1,LJHSqlPager2.SortMode.DESC,this.GetOrderField(),"ListID",this.GetDbConnecString(),"dgComments",SQL,"("+SQL+")","*","ListID>0"); 这里的SQL也就是 上面方法中的ＴａｂｌｅＮａｍｅ参数，因为有时候我们的SQL比较复杂，所以表可能是一个比较复杂的SQL语句；如果只是一张表的查询，那么那里就知用写表名就可以了！

丰富的数据类型 Richer Data Types
　　1、varchar(max)、nvarchar(max)和varbinary(max)数据类型最多可以保存2GB的数据，可以取代text、ntext或image数据类型。
CREATE TABLE myTable
(
id INT,
content VARCHAR(MAX)
)
　　2、XML数据类型
　　XML数据类型允许用户在SQL Server数据库中保存XML片段或文档。

　　错误处理 Error Handling
　　1、新的异常处理结构
　　2、可以捕获和处理过去会导致批处理终止的错误。前提是这些错误不会导致连接中断（通常是严重程度为21以上的错误，例如，表或数据库完整性可疑、硬件错误等等。）。
　　3、TRY/CATCH 构造
SET XACT_ABORT ON
BEGIN TRY
＜core logic＞
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH TRAN_ABORT
＜exception handling logic＞
END TRY
@@error may be quired as first statement in CATCH block
　　4、演示代码
USE demo
GO
　　--创建工作表
CREATE TABLE student
(
stuid INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
stuname VARCHAR(50)
)
CREATE TABLE score
(
stuid INT NOT NULL REFERENCES student(stuid),
score INT
)
GO
INSERT INTO student VALUES (101,'zhangsan')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (102,'wangwu')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (103,'lishi')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (104,'maliu')
　　--调用一个运行时错误
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107, 76) /* 外键错误 */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
GO
SELECT * FROM student
SELECT * FROM score
　　--使用TRY...CATCH构造，并调用一个运行时错误
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107, 76) /* 外键错误 */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
PRINT '事务提交'
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
ROLLBACK
PRINT '事务回滚'
SELECT ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNumber,
ERROR_SEVERITY() AS ErrorSeverity,
ERROR_STATE() as ErrorState,
ERROR_MESSAGE() as ErrorMessage;
END CATCH
GO
SELECT * FROM score
GO

　　快照隔离 Snapshot Isolation
　　1、写入程序不会阻碍读取程序
　　2、新的隔离级别提供了以下优点：
　　1) 提高了只读应用程序的数据可用性
　　2) 允许在OLTP环境中执行非阻止读取操作
　　3) 可对写入事务进行自动的强制冲突检测
　　3、演示代码
CREATE DATABASE demo2
GO
USE demo2
ALTER DATABASE demo2 SET allow_snapshot_isolation ON
CREATE TABLE test
(
tid INT NOT NULL primary key,
tname VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)
INSERT INTO test VALUES(1,'version1')
INSERT INTO test VALUES(2,'version2')
--连接一
USE demo2
BEGIN TRAN
UPDATE test SET tname='version3' WHERE tid=2
SELECT * FROM test
--连接二
USE demo2
SET transaction isolation level snapshot
SELECT * FROM test
　　TOP 增强功能
　　1、TOP 增强。可以指定一个数字表达式，以返回要通过查询影响的行数或百分比，还可以根据情况使用变量或子查询。
　　可以在DELETE、UPDATE和INSERT查询中使用TOP选项。
　　2、更好地替换SET ROWCOUNT选项，使之更为有效。
　　OUTPUT
　　1、SQL Server 2005引入一个新的OUTPUT子句，以使您可以冲修改语句(INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE)中将数据返回到表变量中。
　　2、新的OUTPUT子局的语法为：
OUTPUT INTO @table_variable
　　可以通过引用插入的表或删除的表来访问被修改的行的旧/新影象，其方式与访问触发器类似。在INSERT语句中，只能访问插入的表。在DELETE语句中，只能访问删除的表。在UPDATE语句中，可以访问插入的表和删除的表。

来源：赛迪论坛
　　经常看见有人问，MSSQL占用了太多的内存，而且还不断的增长；或者说已经设置了使用内存，可是它没有用到那么多，这是怎么一回事儿呢？

　　首先，我们来看看MSSQL是怎样使用内存的。
　　最大的开销一般是用于数据缓存，如果内存足够，它会把用过的数据和觉得你会用到的数据统统扔到内存中，直到内存不足的时候，才把命中率低的数据给清掉。所以一般我们在看statistics io的时候，看到的physics read都是0。

　　其次就是查询的开销，一般地说，hash join是会带来比较大的内存开销的，而merge join和nested loop的开销比较小，还有排序和中间表、游标也是会有比较大的开销的。

　　所以用于关联和排序的列上一般需要有索引。
　　再其次就是对执行计划、系统数据的存储，这些都是比较小的。
　　我们先来看数据缓存对性能的影响，如果系统中没有其它应用程序来争夺内存，数据缓存一般是越多越好，甚至有些时候我们会强行把一些数据pin在高速缓存中。但是如果有其它应用程序，虽然在需要的时候MSSQL会释放内存，但是线程切换、IO等待这些工作也是需要时间的，所以就会造成性能的降低。这样我们就必须设置MSSQL的最大内存使用。可以在SQL Server 属性（内存选项卡）中找到配置最大使用内存的地方，或者也可以使用sp_configure来完成。如果没有其它应用程序，那么就不要限制MSSQL对内存的使用。

　　然后来看查询的开销，这个开销显然是越低越好，因为我们不能从中得到好处，相反，使用了越多的内存多半意味着查询速度的降低。所以我们一般要避免中间表和游标的使用，在经常作关联和排序的列上建立索引。

来源：赛迪论坛
　　经常看见有人问，MSSQL占用了太多的内存，而且还不断的增长；或者说已经设置了使用内存，可是它没有用到那么多，这是怎么一回事儿呢？

　　首先，我们来看看MSSQL是怎样使用内存的。
　　最大的开销一般是用于数据缓存，如果内存足够，它会把用过的数据和觉得你会用到的数据统统扔到内存中，直到内存不足的时候，才把命中率低的数据给清掉。所以一般我们在看statistics io的时候，看到的physics read都是0。

　　其次就是查询的开销，一般地说，hash join是会带来比较大的内存开销的，而merge join和nested loop的开销比较小，还有排序和中间表、游标也是会有比较大的开销的。

　　所以用于关联和排序的列上一般需要有索引。
　　再其次就是对执行计划、系统数据的存储，这些都是比较小的。
　　我们先来看数据缓存对性能的影响，如果系统中没有其它应用程序来争夺内存，数据缓存一般是越多越好，甚至有些时候我们会强行把一些数据pin在高速缓存中。但是如果有其它应用程序，虽然在需要的时候MSSQL会释放内存，但是线程切换、IO等待这些工作也是需要时间的，所以就会造成性能的降低。这样我们就必须设置MSSQL的最大内存使用。可以在SQL Server 属性（内存选项卡）中找到配置最大使用内存的地方，或者也可以使用sp_configure来完成。如果没有其它应用程序，那么就不要限制MSSQL对内存的使用。

　　然后来看查询的开销，这个开销显然是越低越好，因为我们不能从中得到好处，相反，使用了越多的内存多半意味着查询速度的降低。所以我们一般要避免中间表和游标的使用，在经常作关联和排序的列上建立索引。

本文将引领您完成 Siebel 7 数据库环境从 DB2® UDB Version 8 到 DB2 9 的升级。您将了解一些必要的步骤以及完成迁移过程所需的工具和命令。
　　本文首先介绍了 DB2 9 中的一些新特性，并展示了 Siebel 应用程序如何利用这些特性。本文详述了 UNIX® 和 Windows® 操作系统在预迁移和实际迁移过程中的工作，最后介绍完成迁移后需要执行的步骤。

　　DB2 9 中的新特性
　　pureXM™L：DB2 9 天生就支持 XML 数据存储。这使得可以将格式良好的 XML 文档以其自身固有的分层格式存储在 Siebel 表列中。XML 数据存储为 XML 类型而不是将其存储为文本。因此，您可以使用 XQuery、SQL 或者结合使用二者来有效地搜索和检索 XML 数据。

　　自动化管理特性：自动化管理特性将简化 Siebel/DB2 DBA 的管理任务。它包括自调优内存管理（Self Tuning Memory Management，STMM）。STMM 通过持续更新配置参数（数据库参数和数据库管理器参数）、调整缓冲池大小以及动态确定数据库使用的内存总量，从而减少或消除配置 DB2 服务器的工作。

　　增强了数据库安全性：基于标签的访问控制（Label Based Access Control，LBAC）是一种新的安全特性，它使您可以在行和列的级别上控制数据访问。为此，添加了一种新的安全管理员（SECADM）授权级别，它将收集一些与安全相关的权限。根据列表或组的结构、位置或从属关系，LBAC 可用于增强对用户可见记录的 Siebel 访问控制。

　　弹性增强：Siebel/DB2 DBA 可以立即使用 DB2 9 中的一些增强来添加弹性。其中一些特性包括：

　　能够重新开始中断的恢复操作，这些操作能够在进行数据库恢复时节省宝贵的时间和工作。

　　支持使用从已有备份映像中自动生成的脚本执行重定向恢复操作。
　　能够从表空间备份映像中重新构建数据库。
　　更多附加的有用特性：很多特性对 Siebel 应用程序都非常有用。其中一些特性与性能和可伸缩性有关，例如数据行压缩，而另外一些则与可管理性有关，例如复制数据库模式的功能，以及 ALTER TABLE 语句增强。

　　本文将展示如何启用 DB2 9 的一些特性，例如自调优内存管理和压缩，这些都是完成迁移后的工作。

来源：ZDNet China软件技术专区

　　现在，在 RISC 和 Sparc 世界中，64 位体系架构正逐步成为标准，它允许商业性 UNIX（如 AIX、HP-UX 和 Solaris 等）为您喜爱的关系数据库提供大量内存。32 位内存的可寻址能力大约等于 4 GB，而许多 UNIX 机器装有 20 到 100 GB 内存，您肯定希望使用这样大的内存。Intel 世界也不落后多少：现在，操作系统、编译器和数据库软件实验室里，正在 64 位 Intel 芯片上运行的 Linux 和 Windows 2000 是一个现实，而且不久会在您周围的网站上销售。

　　那么，如果硬件和操作系统都已经为使用巨大的内存做好了准备，并且数据库也能够利用大内存，那么您如何将它们结合起来并使之工作呢？使用 DB2版本 7，首先要弄清楚的是，在内部，DB2假设使用 32 位内存和硬件。要利用更大的内存，必须告诉 DB2可以使用它以及如何使用它。请勿责备 DB2— 大多数 DB2客户机和许多 DB2服务器在未来数年中将运行在 32 位 Intel 机器上。并且即使 DB2在您机器上检测到有 96 GB 内存，谁又能肯定您希望 DB2使用所有内存，而不是与其它应用程序共享这个内存呢？

　　当使用这种大内存时，您有几种选择。最显而易见的选择是创建 64 位 DB2实例。现在，AIX、Solaris 和 HP-UX 上的 DB2版本 7 都支持这种操作。如果您拥有版本 7.1，则必须下载修订包 1 以安装 64 位 DB2库。如果您拥有版本 7.2 或更新版本，则不必为了创建 64 位 DB2实例而安装修订包。要创建 64 位 DB2实例，可以使用 db2icrt 命令，并指定参数 -w 的值为 64。例如：

db2icrt -w 64 -u db2fenc1 db2inst1

1 + 1 = 2。2 的 32 次方 = 极大的数。

　　每个 32 位 DB2实例能够对 4 GB 内存寻址。通常，您希望将大部分内存给缓冲池专用。但是，AIX、HP-UX 和 Windows 上的内存分段会将最大缓冲池的大小限制在 4 GB 以内。即使是在 32 位世界中拥有十分干净的内存模型的 Solaris 上，用于 DB2缓冲池的内存也不能超过 3.35 GB；4 GB 内存空间的其余内存必须专用于 DB2的其它共享内存用途。（幸运的是，对于 64 位世界中的所有操作系统，内存模型都更干净。）在 HP-UX 上，32 位 DB2实例所能够创建的最大缓冲池大约是 800 MB。在 HP-UX 上，只有通过使用 32 位 HP-UX 上的 Memory Windows 来运行多个实例，才能使用 1 GB 以上的缓冲池。（DB2发行说明（Release Notes）中描述了 HP Memory Windows。）在 Windows 上，缓冲池被限制为 3 GB，AIX 上是 1.75 GB，而 Linux 上大约是 1 GB。下面的图 1 和 2 分别说明了 AIX 和 Solaris 上 DB2的 32 位内存模型。

　　在运行 32 位 DB2的大内存系统上，要将大量内存给予缓冲池，最简单方式就是在一个 DB2企业扩展版（Enterprise-Extended Edition (EEE)）配置中运行多个逻辑 DB2实例。只需要运行操作系统的一个实例，这将有助于节省开销和允许多个 DB2实例之间通过共享内存而不是通过 TCP/IP 或通信交换机来彼此通信。使用 DB2的无共享体系结构，每个实例可以在它自己的数据库分区之内愉快地对 4 GB 内存寻址。在大多数 DB2TPC-H 基准测试中 — 它通常让 DB2EEE 在规模达 300 GB 或更大的数据库上运行决策支持查询 — 一个大型 SMP 为每个 DB2节点划分多至 4 GB 内存（每个节点都是一个运行它自己的 DB2实例的数据库分区）。

　　DB2还可以使用其它三种方法来利用大内存机器。在 AIX、Solaris 和 Windows 上，DB2支持扩充存储器（Extended Storage）（也称为 ESTORE）。这允许 DB2将超过 32 位内存模型中最大可用内存的内存用于系统临时表（用于排序）和只读用户数据。在 DB2从磁盘获取数据时就由 DB2判断哪些数据是可以认为是只读，但是需要配置 DB2以使用扩充存储器。

WebSphere Replication Server 简述

WebSphere Replication Server 是 IBM 信息集成产品家族中的重要产品，它广泛应用在信息集成的多个领域中：比如跨地域数据采集和交换，企业内部数据交换平台，统一客户信息等业务视图，实现查询系统与业务系统分离，业务系统高效镜象备份，扩展商业智能应用，以及主机 AS400 的与开放平台数据交换等。

WebSphere Replication Server 能够支持两种数据复制：SQL 复制以及 Q 复制。其中，SQL 复制技术能在异构的主流关系型数据库之间进行数据复制，Q 复制结合数据日志捕获以及 WebSphere MQ 消息队列传输技术提供更高吞吐量和低延时的数据复制。以上两种复制技术都能支持多种数据同步拓扑结构，提供数据同步监控、数据一致性校验和容错机制。

DB2 与 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 之间的 SQL 数据复制

配置需求

要配置 DB2 与 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 之间的 SQL 数据复制，需要安装好以下软件产品和组件：

DB2 数据库；
WebSphere Replication Server；
MS SQL Server 2000，如果数据库在其它服务器，则本机需要安装客户端。
实现步骤

第 1 步是配置 MS SQL Server。本例中选用以下配置选项：

配置 MS SQL Server 的身份验证方式时，选择“SQL Server 和 Windows 身份验证”。配置完成后，使用 MS SQL Server 的“查询分析器”验证用户登录成功。
注册 MS SQL Server 数据库为 ODBC 数据源。其中，配置“系统DSN”为实际的 MS SQL Server 服务器名称。本例中使用“WIN2K3”。
第 2 步是配置 DB2 联邦数据库。配置好 MS SQL Server 数据库之后，需要使用 WebSphere Replication Server 提供的对 MS SQL Server 数据库的联邦功能，映射需要复制的源表（存在于 MS SQL Server 数据库中）到 DB2 数据库的 Nickname，以支持数据复制。这需要完成一下四个步骤。

创建封装器（Wrapper）：执行命令 create wrapper MSSQLODBC3，其中，MSSQLODBC3是DB2定义的对应MS SQL Server数据库的缺省封装器名称；
创建服务器（Server）：执行命令 CREATE SERVER SSRCTEST TYPE MSSQLSERVER VERSION '2000' WRAPPER MSSQLODBC3 OPTIONS( ADD NODE 'WIN2K3', DBNAME 'ssrctest')。注：本例中使用 SSRCTEST 作为 Server Name，它应该对应于 MS SQL Server 的一个具体数据库名称；版本（VERSION）为 MS SQL Server 数据库的版本属性；OPTIONS 参数中，节点的名称应该对应于已经设置为 ODBC 数据源的 MS SQL Server 节点名；OPTIONS 参数中，DBNAME 为实际需要用联邦功能访问的数据库名称。
创建 User Mapping：执行下面的命令以创建需要的用户映射，CREATE USER MAPPING FOR DB2ADMIN SERVER SSRCTEST OPTIONS ( ADD REMOTE_AUTHID 'adminstrator', ADD REMOTE_PASSWORD '*****') 。注：本例中使用 DB2 数据库管理员用户 DB2ADMIN。
创建 Nickname：执行命令 CREATE NICKNAME ADMINISTRATOR.TRC1 FOR SSRCTEST."dbo"."trc1"; 。注：本例中使用 dbo.trc1 作为复制源。
第 3 步是配置SQL数据复制。配置联邦数据库完成后，就可以开始配置实际的复制功能，这需要启动 DB2 的复制中心并执行如下的步骤。

来源：天极Yesky

　　DB2 提供的强大功能可以让开发人员创建出非常高效稳定的存储过程。但对于初学者来说，开发出这样的程序并不容易。本文主要讨论开发高效稳定的 DB2 存储过程的一些常用技巧和方法。

　　读者定位为具有一定开发经验的 DB2 开发经验的开发人员。

　　读者可以从本文学习到如何编写稳定、高效的存储过程。并可以直接使用文章中提供的 DB2 代码，从而节省他们的开发和调试时间，提高效率。

　　本文以 DB2 开发人员的角度介绍了在 DB2 存储过程开发中需要注意的事项和技巧。新手如果能够按照本文介绍的最佳实践来开发存储过程，可以避免一些常见的错误，从而编写出高效的程序。本文从初始化参数、游标、异常处理、临时表的使用以及如何寻找并 rebind 非法存储过程等常见问题进行了着重讨论,并且给出了示例代码。

　　在存储过程中，开发人员能够声明和设置 SQL 变量、实现流程控制、处理异常、能够对数据进行插入、更新或者删除。同时，客户应用(这里指调用存储过程的应用程序，它可以是 JDBC 的调用，也可以是 ODBC 和 CLI 等)和存储过程之间可以传递参数，并且从存储过程中返回结果集。其中，使用 SQL 编写的 DB2 存储过程是在开发中常见的一种存储过程。本文主要讨论此类存储过程。

　　最佳实践 1：在创建存储过程语句中提供必要的参数

　　创建存储过程语句(CREATE PROCEDURE)可以包含很多参数，虽然从语法角度讲它们不是必须的，但是在创建存储过程时提供它们可以提高执行效率。下面是一些常用的参数

　　容许 SQL (allowed-SQL)

　　容许 SQL (allowed-SQL)子句的值指定了存储过程是否会使用 SQL 语句，如果使用，其类型如何。它的可能值如下所示：

　　NO SQL： 表示存储过程不能够执行任何 SQL 语句。

　　CONTAINS SQL： 表示存储过程可以执行 SQL 语句，但不会读取 SQL 数据，也不会修改 SQL 数据。

　　READS SQL DATA： 表示在存储过程中包含不会修改 SQL 数据的 SQL 语句。也就是说该储存过程只从数据库中读取数据。

　　MODIFIES SQL DATA： 表示存储过程可以执行任何 SQL 语句。即可以对数据库中的数据进行增加、删除和修改。

　　如果没有明确声明 allowed-SQL，其默认值是 MODIFIES SQL DATA。不同类型的存储过程执行的效率是不同的，其中 NO SQL 效率最好，MODIFIES SQL DATA 最差。如果存储过程只是读取数据，但是因为没有声明 allowed-SQL 使其被当作对数据进行修改的存储过程来执行，这显然会降低程序的执行效率。因此创建存储过程时，应当明确声明其 allowed-SQL。

　　返回结果集个数(DYNAMIC RESULT SETS n)

　　存储过程能够返回 0 个或者多个结果集。为了从存储过程中返回结果集，需要执行如下步骤：

　　在 CREATE PROCEDURE 语句的 DYNAMIC RESULT SETS 子句中声明存储过程将要返回的结果集的数量(number-of-result-sets)。如果这里声明的返回结果集的数量小于存储过程中实际返回的结果集数量，在执行该存储过程的时候，DB2 会返回一个警告。

　　使用 WITH RETURN 子句，在存储过程体中声明游标。

　　为结果集打开游标。当存储过程返回的时候，保持游标打开。

　　在创建存储过程时指定返回结果集的个数可以帮助程序员验证存储过程是否返回了所期待数量的结果集，提高了程序的完整性。

　　最佳实践 2：对输入参数进行必要的的检查和预处理

　　无论使用哪种编程语言，对输入参数的判断都是必须的。正确的参数验证是保证程序良好运行的前提。同样的，在 DB2 中对输入参数的验证和处理也是很重要的。正确的验证和预处理操作包括：

　　如果输入参数错误，存储过程应返回一个明确的值告诉客户应用，然后客户应用可以根据返回的值进行处理，或者向存储过程提交新的参数，或者去调用其他的程序。

　　根据业务逻辑，对输入参数作一定的预处理，如大小写的转换，NULL 与空字符串或 0 的转换等。

　　在 DB2 储存过程开发中，如需要遇到对空(NULL)进行初始化，我们可以使用 COALESCE 函数。COALESCE函数返回第一个非空的参数，语法如下：

　　清单1：COALESCE 函数

　　.---------------. (1) V |＞＞-COALESCE-------(--expression----,--expression-+--)----------＞＜

　　COALESCE函数会依次检查输入的参数，返回第一个不是NULL的参数，只有当传入COALESCE函数的所有的参数都是NULL的时候，函数才会返回NULL。例如， COALESCE(piName,'')，如果变量piName为NULL，那么函数会返回''，否则就会返回piName本身的值。

　　下面的例子展示了如何对参数进行检查何初始化。

　　下面是用于向表Person插入数据的存储过程的参数预处理部分代码：

　　SET poGenStatus = 0; SET piName = RTRIM(COALESCE(piName, '')); SET piRank = COALESCE(piRank, 0); -- make sure all required input parameters are not null IF ( piNum IS NULL OR piName = '' OR piAge IS NULL ) THEN SET poGenStatus = 34100; RETURN poGenStatus; END IF;

　　表Person中num、name和age都是非空字段。对于name字段，多个空格我们也认为是空值，所以在进行判断前我们调用RTRIM和COALESCE对其进行处理，然后使用 piName = '',对其进行非空判断; 对于Rank字段，我们希望如果用户输入的NULL，我们把它设置成"0"，对其我们也使用COALESCE进行初始化; 对于"Age"和"Num" 我们直接使用 IS NULL进行非空判断就可以了。

　　如果输入参数没有通过非空判断，我们就对输出参数poGenStatus设置一个确定的值(例子中为 34100)告知调用者：输入参数错误。

　　下面是对参数初始化规则的一个总结，供大家参考：

　　1. 输入参数为字符类型，且允许为空的，可以使用COALESCE(inputParameter,'')把NULL转换成'';

　　2. 输入类型为整型，且允许为空的，可以使用COALESCE(inputParameter,0)，把空转换成0;

　　3. 输入参数为字符类型，且是非空非空格的，可以使用COALESCE(inputParameter,'')把NULL转换成''，然后判断函数返回值是否为'';

　　4. 输入类型为整型，且是非空的，不需要使用COALESCE函数，直接使用IS NULL进行非空判断。

　　最佳实践 3：正确设定游标的返回类型

　　前面我们已经讨论了如何声明存储过程的返回结果集。这里我们讨论一下结果集返回类型的问题。结果集的返回类型有两种：调用者(CALLER) 和客户应用(CLIENT)。首先我们看一下声明这两种游标的例子：

　　CREATE PROCEDURE getPeople(IN piAge INTEGER)DYNAMIC RESULT SETS 2READS SQL DATALANGUAGE SQLBEGIN DECLARE rs1 CURSOR WITH RETURN TO CLIENT FOR SELECT name, age FROM person WHERE agepiAge; OPEN rs1; OPEN rs2; END

　　代码中rs1游标的DECLAER语句中包含WITH RETURN TO CLIENT子句，表示结果集返回给客户应用(CLIENT)。rs2游标的DECLARE语句中包含WITH RETURN TO CALLER子句，表示结果集返回给调用者(CALLER)。

　　游标返回给调用者(CALLER)表示由存储过程的调用者接收结果集，而不考虑调用者是否是另一个存储过程，还是客户应用。图(1)中存储过程PROZ如果声明为WITH RETURN TO CALLER，那么结果集会返回给存储过程PROY，Client Application是不会得到PROZ返回的结果集的。

　　游标返回给客户应用(CLIENT)表示由发出最初 CALL 语句的客户应用接收结果集，即使结果集由嵌套层次中的 15 层深的嵌套存储过程发出也是如此。图1中存储过程 PROZ 如果声明为 WITH RETURN TO CLIENT，那么结果集会返回给 Client Application。返回给客户应用(CLIENT)的游标声明是我们经常使用的，也是默认的结果集类型。

　　在声明返回类型时，我们要认真考虑一下，我们需要把结果集返回给谁，以免丢失返回集，导致程序错误。

　　最佳实践 4：异常(condition)处理

　　在存储过程执行的过程中，经常因为数据或者其他问题产生异常(condition)。根据业务逻辑，存储过程应该对异常进行相应处理或直接返回给调用者。此处暂且将condition译为异常以方便读者理解。实际上有些异常(condition)并非是由于错误引起的，下面将详细讲述。

　　当存储过程中的语句返回的SQLSTATE值超过00000的时候，就表明在存储过程中产生了一个异常(condition)，它表示出现了错误、数据没有找到或者出现了警告。为了响应和处理存储过程中出现的异常，我们必须在存储过程体中声明异常处理器(condition handler)，它可以决定存储过程怎样响应一个或者多个已定义的异常或者预定义异常组。声明条件处理器的语法如下，它会位于变量声明和游标声明之后：

　　清单2：声明异常处理器

　　DECLARE handler-type HANDLER FOR condition handler-action

　　异常处理器类型(handler-type)有以下几种：

　　CONTINUE 在处理器操作完成之后，会继续执行产生这个异常语句之后的下一条语句。

　　EXIT 在处理器操作完成之后，存储过程会终止，并将控制返回给调用者。

　　UNDO 在处理器操作执行之前，DB2会回滚存储过程中执行的SQL操作。在处理器操作完成之后，存储过程会终止，并将控制返回给调用者。

　　异常处理器可以处理基于特定SQLSTATE值的定制异常，或者处理预定义异常的类。预定义的3种异常如下所示：

　　NOT FOUND 标识导致SQLCODE值为+100或者SQLSATE值为02000的异常。这个异常通常在SELECT没有返回行的时候出现。

　　SQLEXCEPTIOIN 标识导致SQLCODE值为负的异常。

　　SQLWARNING 标识导致警告异常或者导致+100以外的SQLCODE正值的异常。

　　如果产生了NOT FOUND 或者SQLWARNING异常，并且没有为这个异常定义异常处理器，那么就会忽略这个异常，并且将控制流转向下一个语句。如果产生了SQLEXCEPTION异常，并且没有为这个异常定义异常处理器，那么存储过程就会失败，并且会将控制流返回调用者。

　　以下示例声明了两个异常处理器。 EXIT处理器会在出现SQLEXCEPTION 或者SQLWARNING异常的时候被调用。EXIT处理器会在终止SQL程序之前，将名为stmt的变量设为"ABORTED",并且将控制流返回给调用者。UNDO处理器会将控制流返回给调用者之前，回滚存储过程体中已经完成的SQL操作。

　　清单3：异常处理器示例

　　DECLARE EXIT HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION, SQLWARNING SET stmt = 'ABORTED';

　　DECLARE UNDO HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND;

　　如果预定义异常集不能满足需求，就可以为特定的SQLSTATE值声明定制异常，然后再为这个定制异常声明处理器。语法如下：

　　清单4：定制异常处理器

　　DECLARE unique-name CONDITION FOR SQLSATE 'sqlstate'

　　处理器可以由单独的存储过程语句定义，也可以使用由BEGIN…END块界定的复合语句定义。注意在执行符合语句的时候，SQLSATE和SQLCODE的值会被改变，如果需要保留异常前的SQLSATE和SQLCODE，就需要在执行复合语句的第一个语句把SQLSATE和SQLCODE赋予本地变量或参数。

　　通常，我们会为存储过程定义一个执行状态的输出参数(例如：poGenStatus)。

　　根据这个输出状态，可以表明存储过程是否正确执行完毕。我们需要定义一些异常处理器为这个输出参数赋值。下面是一个例子：

　　清单5：定义为输出参数赋值的异常处理器

　　-- Generic Handler DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION, SQLWARNING, NOT FOUND BEGIN NOT ATOMIC -- Capture SQLCODE & SQLSTATE SELECT SQLCODE, SQLSTATE INTO hSqlcode, hSqlstate FROM SYSIBM.SYSDUMMY1; -- Use the poGenStatus variable to tell the procedure -- what type of error occurred CASE hSqlstate WHEN '02000' THEN SET poGenStatus=5000; WHEN '42724' THEN SET poGenStatus=3; ELSE IF (hSqlCode ＜ 0) THEN SET poGenStatus=hSqlCode; END IF; END CASE; END;

　　上面的异常处理器会在出现SQLEXCEPTION, SQLWARNING, NOT FOUND异常的时候触发。异常处理器会取出当前的SQLCODE, SQLSTATE，然后根据它们的值来设置输出参数(poGenStatus)的值。

　　我们还可以定制一些异常处理器。例如，我们可以定义一些对参数进行初始化的异常处理器。这里，异常处理器可以看作是一个供存储过程自己调用的内部函数。下面是这种情况的一个例子：

　　清单6：供存储过程自己调用的内部函数

　　---------------------- -- CONDITION declaration ----------- -- (80100~80199) SQLCODE & SQLSTATE DECLARE sqlReset CONDITION for sqlstate '80100'; ----------------------------------------------------- -- EXCEPTION HANDLER declaration ----------------------------------------------------- -- Handy Handler DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR sqlReset BEGIN NOT ATOMIC SET hSqlcode = 0; SET hSqlstate = '00000'; SET poGenStatus = 0; END; ………… ----------------------------------------------------- -- Procedure Body ----------------------------------------------------- SIGNAL sqlreset; -- insert the record …………

　　上面定制的异常处理器负责对参数hSqlcode，hSqlstate和poGenStatus初始化。当我们在程序中需要对它们初始化时，我们只需要调用SIGNAL sqlreset就可以了。

　　最佳实践 5：合理使用临时表

　　我们在储存过程开发中经常使用临时表。合理的使用临时表可以简化程序的编写，提供执行效率，然而滥用临时表同样也会使得程序运行效率降低。

　　临时表一般在如下情况下使用：

　　1. 临时表用于存储程序运行中的临时数据。例如，如果在一个程序中第一条查询语句执行的结果会被后续的查询语句用到，那么我们可以把第一次查询的结果存储在一个临时表中供后续查询语句使用，而不是在后续查询语句中重新查询一次。如果第一条查询语句非常复杂和耗时，那么上面的策略是非常有效的。

　　2. 临时表可以用于存储在一个程序中需要返回多次的结果集。例如，程序中有一个很耗资源的多表查询，同时，该查询在程序中需要执行多次，那么就可以把第一次查询的结果集存储在临时保中，后续的查询只需要查临时表就可以了。

　　3. 临时表也可以用于让SQL访问非关系型数据库。例如，可以编写程序把非关系型数据库中的数据插入到一个全局临时表中，那么我们就可以对其数据进行查询。

　　我们可使用 DECLARE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE 语句来定义临时表。DB2的临时表是基于会话的，且在会话之间是隔离的。当会话结束时，临时表的数据被删除，临时表被隐式卸下。对临时表的定义不会在SYSCAT.TABLES中出现 下面是定义临时表的一个示例：

　　清单7：定义临时表

　　DECLARE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE gbl_temp LIKE person ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS NOT LOGGED IN usr_tbsp

　　此语句创建一个名为 gbl_temp 的用户临时表。定义此用户临时表 所使用的列的名称和说明与 person 的列的名称和说明完全相同。

　　清单8：创建有两个字段的临时表

　　DECLARE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE SESSION.TEMP2 ( ID INTEGER default 3, NAME CHAR(30) ) --WITH REPLACE NOT LOGGED; --IN USER_TEMP_01;

　　此语句创建了一个有两个字段的临时表。

　　理论上临时表是不需要显示DROP的，因为它是基于会话的，当临时表基于的连接关闭的时候，临时表也就不存在了。但是在实际开发中会有一些情况需要我们对临时表加以注意。

　　一种情况就是被调用的存储过程的返回值是一个基于临时表的结果集。当存储过程执行完毕的时候，临时表并不会消失，因为返回的结果集相当于一个指针，指向临时表所在的内存地址，此时临时表是不会被DROP掉的。这种情况下，既不能在存储过程中删除这个临时表，也不应该由客户应用显示的删除临时表，这就容易出现一些问题。下面我们通过一个例子来说明这个问题。

　　下面示例代码是返回临时表的存储过程(get_temp_table)：

来源：ZDNet China软件技术专区

　　XML是一种灵活的语言。在其中用户可以标记自己的tag（标签）来定义其数据类型。在这些tag中用户可以自己定义原理或者属性的名称，这样的话只要得到了XML文件,即使另一个对此系统毫不知情的用户也可以很轻易地读懂这些数据。

　　当不同的用户在交换数据的时候，只要遵循XML标准，每一个应用程序可以针对自己所使用的数据类型编写XML解释器，将XML文件中的数据轻易地转化成自己使用的数据类型，这样就可以保证在不同的应用程序之间数据得以快速地交流。

　　但是作为存储数据的数据库，以往的基于关系的表并不能够很好地适应这种新的需求。用户仍然需要花费大量时间将XML数据转化到关系类型然后输入数据库，或者根据需要编写复杂的查询再将这些数据读取出来。这种方法既添加了难度，也降低了效率。原本的XML文件会被重新解析到各个表中，这个过程对于复杂或者有着大数据量的系统来说是相当消耗资源的。

　　DB29数据库相对于其他数据库管理系统来说有了大幅度的创新。实际上，DB2 9对于XML的支持不仅仅体现在XML类型的数据上,一些用关系模型难以解决的问题也可以使用XML模型得以解决。DB2 9对XML的支持与经典的关系数据模型相比所具有的优势是不可忽略的。

　　与其他主流数据库管理系统比起来，DB2有其优势也有自己的不足。在处理datawarehouse系统上DB2的性能应该是非常优秀的，同时DB2对优化器做的相当完美，对于大部分复杂查询可以有效地将其重写为最优语句，并且分配合理的执行计划。

　　DB2在关闭机制上有一定的不足。这与DB2的设计框架相关，内存锁的使用在提升效率的同时也对系统的优化要求提到了最高。如果用户对数据库的本身优化和应用程序优化做的不足，那么DB2会容易出现锁等待现象。

　　此外，DB2在API与函数的提供上还不完善。但是多伦多实验室的人正在尽力完善这个模块，在DB2 9中我们期待看到更多更为强大的函数。

　　同时，对于所有的数据库系统高可用性也是一个比较令人头疼的问题。在DB2中的高可用性对于普通用户来说可能比较复杂，但是IBM有一些经典的技术文档可以用来参照帮助用户自己设置。对于管理多分区系统的DBA来说，怎样对各分区协调，如何合理设置分区键是重要的。

　　作为技术支持小组的人，需要真正深入理解各分区之间的通讯与工作机制是最重要的。记得以前看过一篇文章说DB2的share nothing架构是骗人的东西，个人认为是因为他对DB2多分区理论只是做了一些文字上的理解，但是对于其中的内存CPU，磁盘资源的分配却根本没有理解。

　　也许很多人都认为DB2比起其他的数据库系统要复杂很多，但是个人认为那是由于这些人对其底层的架构和模型不了解所导致的。真正意义上理解DB2以后就会发现其中的每一个模块都是经过精心设计的。如能完整地优化系统，许多数据库常见的问题就不会出现。

来源：ZDNet China软件技术专区

介绍

　　公司和用户需要有分析大量的数据集的能力，以及能够访问和报告更详细的数据。象DB2 UDB这样的高可升级性的数据库服务器扮演一个越来越重要的角色，传送企业OLAP解决方案。 使用DB2 Cube View，DB2 UDB提供一个更加强健的基础结构，能够在端对端的的数据仓库和业务智能配置中承担起大量数据的处理。

　　对于许多OLAP工具和应用程序，与DB2 Cube View整合需要构建一个元数据桥。 这个桥可以使用DB2 Cube View的基于XML的存储过程接口读取或者创建元数据。 我们在本文中将讲述如何使用这个接口去构建一个桥。

DB2 Cube View的概述

　　IBM DB2 Cube View是增强DB2 UDB作为开发和配置业务智能产品和应用程序的DB2通用数据库的一个附加特性。 尤其是，DB2 Cube View有助于加快基于DB2 UDB的OLAP解决方案和应用程序的开发和管理。

　　DB2 Cube View特性是如何做到这些的？ 首先，它允许DB2 UDB是了解OLAP的。 不用Cube View，对于一个不熟悉数据库结构和内容的人来说，一个关系数据库看上去可能象一大堆有栏目的表。 DB2 Cube View元数据使你能在一个DB2数据库中更加完整的建立底层结构。

　　通常，一个数据仓库或者数据市场是设计来用于量纲分析。 在这种情况下，数据库通常由一个或多个星形（或者雪花型）图式组织成的表组成。 一个简单的星形图式由多个维量的表围绕的一个实际表组成。 比如，一个实际的表可以记录一个公司个别产品和存货位置的销售图表。 维度表（可以名为PRODUCTS和STORES）可以包含个别产品和存货位置的细节，可以连接到实际的表中。

元数据对象

　　DB2 Cube View元数据尤其擅长获得一个星形图式或者雪花图式（参见图1）所固有的结构。 元数据通过一套元数据对象提供相关数据的"维度视图"。 元数据对象被分层为从Attributes这样的简单对象到更复杂的对象，比如Joins、Hierarchies、Dimensions和Cube Models。 一个完全定义的Cube Model对象通常相当于一个星形（或者雪花）图式，并且使用一个通用的维数建模一套量度数。 那么毫无疑问，Cube Model封装其它DB2 Cube View元数据对象，比如Dimensions和Measures。

　　总而言之，DB2 Cube View元数据使你能你的DB2数据库的多维管理结构和设计。除了使得DB2感知OLAP以外，DB2 Cube View元数据至少还以两种方法使用：

　　　　· DB2 Cube View特性利用元数据最优化在DB2数据库中的SQL查询。

　　　　· 基于DB2 UDB的Products和应用程序可以使用元数据。

　　让我们简要地讨论这两种用法。

使用DB2 Cube View元数据用于最优化

　　DB2 Cube View可以通过创建相应的保持前集合体数据的物化查询表或者MQT加速SQL查询。MQT也被称为摘要表。 DB2优化程序可以根据情况重写到MQT的SQL查询。MQT通常在数量级上比底层的基本表小。这样，查询可以被重写，能够比运行在基本表上的SQL查询要快很多。.

　　DB2 Cube View有一个最优化顾问，基于元数据和用户输入，建议一套相应的MQT。请参阅DB2 Cube Views Setup and User 's Guide关于最优化的章节，获取更详细的信息。

元数据使用者

　　Cube View元数据还有其它的优点。 业务智能工具可以从DB2 UDB中读取元数据，来了解DB2表的维度结构。基于元数据，这些工具然后可以提供针对DB2 UDB数据的查询和报告解决方案解决方案。

　　使用DB2 Cube View元数据的工具和应用程序通常分成两类：

　　　　· 第一类应用程序"直接固定"到DB2 Cube View上。它们读取元数据并直接使用它来分析DB2数据库，通常通过使用元数据构建SQL查询。最常见的情况是，这些工具查询和报告DB2 Cube View Cube模型和Cube对象。

　　　　· 第二类工具把Cube View元数据从DB2传到它们自己的工具，然后基于它们的元数据查询DB2。这些工具必须把DB2 Cube View元数据映射为它们自己的元数据。映射的复杂性取决于元数据的类似性。

元数据生产者

　　注意并非所有对DB2 Cube View元数据感兴趣的应用程序都要读取它。另一类工具和应用程序产生元数据并把它推进DB2。维度元数据常常在数据库设计、提取-转换-载入(ETL)及其他数据库管理工具中产生。 通过把维度元数据传送到DB2 UDB，这些工具可以利用早先提到的最优化和管理等优点。

　　显然，工具和应用程序需要一个与DB2中的Cube View元数据交互的方法，以便读取、创建、修改和删除元数据对象。DB2 Cube View提供一个API，用于进行这些操作。

应用程序接口概述-DB2info.md_message()

　　DB2 Cube View应用程序接口是一个用于访问维度元数据的接口。它作为一个DB2存储过程被实现，名为db2info.md_message()，传送XML文档进出它所有的参数。一个存储过程的优点就在于应用程序接口成为中性语言。任何能够与DB2会话的程序设计语言都可以调用这个存储过程。你可以通过ODBC或者JDBC等等使用嵌入式SQL、动态SQL。

　　在DB2 Cube View Setup and User ' s Guide一书的附录里有这个API的详尽的描述。在本文中，我们将介绍几个例子。

输入参数

　　存储过程有下面的语法：

来源：赛迪网

　　在现实的应用中大家可能经常会遇到在DB2中如何实现Oracle的某些功能﹐在此我简单地总结一下﹐实现某一功能可能会有很多种方法﹐在此就没有全部列出﹐欢迎大家继续﹐以便和大家共享﹐共同探讨﹐共同近步﹗(以下主要以Oracle8I和DB2 7.X为例)。

1.如何取一表前n笔记录的Oracle和DB2的写法

Oracle 可以这样实现﹕
Select * from user.bsempms where rownum<=n;
DB2 可以这样实现﹕
Select * from db2admin.bsempms fetch first n rows only;
另外也可以用 row_number() over() 去实现的;

2.如何取得当前日期的Oracle和DB2的写法

Oracle 可以这样实现﹕
Select sysdate from dual;
DB2 可以这样实现﹕
Select current timestamp from sysibm.sysdummy1;

3.如何连接字段的Oracle和DB2的写法

Oracle 可以这样实现﹕
Select emp_no||emp_nam from bsempms;
Select concat(emp_no,emp_nam) from bsempms;
DB2 可以这样实现﹕
Select emp_no||emp_nam from db2admin.bsempms;
select emp_no concat emp_nam from db2admin.bsempms;

4.如何查询表的结构的Oracle和DB2的写法

Oracle 可以这样实现﹕
Select sysdate from dual;
DB2 可以这样实现﹕
Select current timestamp from sysibm.sysdummy1;

5.内连接INNER JOIN的Oracle和DB2的写法

Oracle可以这样实现﹕ Select a.* from bsempms a,bsdptms b where a.dpt_no=b.dpt_no; DB2 可以这样实现﹕ Select * from db2admin.bsempms inner join db2admin.bsdptms on db2admin.bsempms.dpt_no=db2admin.bsdptms.dpt_no;

6.外连接的Oracle和DB2的写法(右外连接,左外连接,完全外连接,组合外连接)

Oracle可以这样实现﹕

Select a.* from bsempms a,bsdptms b where a.dpt_no=b.dpt_no(+);
Select a.* from bsempms a,bsdptms b wherea.dpt_no(+)=b.dpt_no;
DB2 可以这样实现﹕
Select * from db2admin.bsempms right outer join db2admin.bsdptms
on db2admin.bsempms.dpt_no=db2admin.bsdptms.dpt_no;
Select * from db2admin.bsempms left outer join db2admin.bsdptms
on db2admin.bsempms.dpt_no=db2admin.bsdptms.dpt_no;
Select * from db2admin.bsempms full outer join db2admin.bsdptms
on db2admin.bsempms.dpt_no=db2admin.bsdptms.dpt_no;

7.如何执行脚本SQL文件的Oracle和DB2的写法

Oracle 可以这样实现﹕
SQL>@$PATH/filename.sql;
DB2 可以这样实现﹕
db2 -tvf $PATH/filename.sql 文件中每行以 ; 结尾

本文将引领您完成 Siebel 7 数据库环境从 DB2® UDB Version 8 到 DB2 9 的升级。您将了解一些必要的步骤以及完成迁移过程所需的工具和命令。
　　本文首先介绍了 DB2 9 中的一些新特性，并展示了 Siebel 应用程序如何利用这些特性。本文详述了 UNIX® 和 Windows® 操作系统在预迁移和实际迁移过程中的工作，最后介绍完成迁移后需要执行的步骤。

　　DB2 9 中的新特性
　　pureXM™L：DB2 9 天生就支持 XML 数据存储。这使得可以将格式良好的 XML 文档以其自身固有的分层格式存储在 Siebel 表列中。XML 数据存储为 XML 类型而不是将其存储为文本。因此，您可以使用 XQuery、SQL 或者结合使用二者来有效地搜索和检索 XML 数据。

　　自动化管理特性：自动化管理特性将简化 Siebel/DB2 DBA 的管理任务。它包括自调优内存管理（Self Tuning Memory Management，STMM）。STMM 通过持续更新配置参数（数据库参数和数据库管理器参数）、调整缓冲池大小以及动态确定数据库使用的内存总量，从而减少或消除配置 DB2 服务器的工作。

　　增强了数据库安全性：基于标签的访问控制（Label Based Access Control，LBAC）是一种新的安全特性，它使您可以在行和列的级别上控制数据访问。为此，添加了一种新的安全管理员（SECADM）授权级别，它将收集一些与安全相关的权限。根据列表或组的结构、位置或从属关系，LBAC 可用于增强对用户可见记录的 Siebel 访问控制。

　　弹性增强：Siebel/DB2 DBA 可以立即使用 DB2 9 中的一些增强来添加弹性。其中一些特性包括：

　　能够重新开始中断的恢复操作，这些操作能够在进行数据库恢复时节省宝贵的时间和工作。

　　支持使用从已有备份映像中自动生成的脚本执行重定向恢复操作。
　　能够从表空间备份映像中重新构建数据库。
　　更多附加的有用特性：很多特性对 Siebel 应用程序都非常有用。其中一些特性与性能和可伸缩性有关，例如数据行压缩，而另外一些则与可管理性有关，例如复制数据库模式的功能，以及 ALTER TABLE 语句增强。

　　本文将展示如何启用 DB2 9 的一些特性，例如自调优内存管理和压缩，这些都是完成迁移后的工作。

速度和可升级性是网络开发重要的性能要求，而且它们也不难达到。应用一些简单的规则会提高网络应用的性能。

XForms 是下一代 Web 表单的数据处理技术，它通过 Data Instance（数据实例），定义表单上所有和后端应用关联的数据信息，实现各种数据处理。本文首先对 XForms / Data Instance 及 IBM Lotus Forms 进行简单介绍，然后结合作者的项目开发经验，提出了 XForms 在实际表单应用中的一个典型的数据处理应用场景。针对该应用场景，本文列举了两种 Data Instance 的设计处理方法，通过对比，阐述了如何巧妙的利用 XPath 设计合理的 Data Instance，以达到利用电子表单灵活方便处理后端数据的需求。
简介

电子表单在当今的软件应用程序中无处不在，标准化的、数据驱动的方法有助于构建表单生成技术。电子表单的标准化格式支持创建容易理解的、可移植的表单，而数据驱动的方法使基于所收集的数据表示来生成电子表单变得更容易。

W3C 针对表单数据的表示和采集提出了 XForms 标准。如 W3C Recommendation 中所述，XForms 的目的是成为“下一代 Web 表单”。和现有的 HTML 表单相比，XForms 有许多突出的优点。正如 Recommendation 中所说的，“通过将传统的 XHTML 表单分成三部分—— XForms 模型、实例数据和用户界面，从而把表示从内容中分离出来，提高重用性和实现强类型，可以减少和服务器通信的次数，提供设备独立性，并减少脚本的使用”。

为了适应电子表单应用飞速发展的市场需求，IBM 推出了 Lotus Forms 电子表单解决方案，通过采用 XForms 等电子表单技术，IBM Lotus Forms 能够很方便的实现后端数据处理和后端应用整合，为所有公共或私有部门组织提供高安全性的电子表单，以充分利用现有的资源和系统来更好地为客户服务，提高运营效率。

XForms 模型表示表单的内容，它能独立于任何用来显示数据值的窗口组件集，来声明数据项和结构。它是一个 XML 数据块，包含一个或多个 XML 实例文档，包括数据实例 (Data Instances)、绑定 (Binds)、提交 (Submissions) 三部分。其中，表单的数据包含在数据实例中；表单的逻辑组件定义其行为，包括绑定和提交等。XForms 为处理这些 XML 数据提供了多种强大的机制，表单操纵这些实例文档，并负责将 XML 提交到后端系统。

Data Instance 是用于在表单中嵌入任意 XML 数据块的一种机制。它定义表单上所有和后端应用进行关联的数据信息。一个 Data Instance 可以用于存储表单上的任何输入数值，为表单上某些用户域进行数据预呈现，或者动态的生成数据可选项列表。

本文作者曾参与了多个与 IBM Lotus Forms 电子表单相关项目的前期需求分析、实例编写和应用搭建。在实施过程中，根据用户需求动态生成数据可选项列表，往往是电子表单应用中最常见的一种设计要求，也是 Data Instance 在使用过程中最广泛的一种应用模式。而更多的应用场景，往往都包含多个相互关联的数据可选项列表，即第二个可选项列表中的可选数值会随着第一个可选列表中选定数值的变化而发生变化，依此类推。这种场景，使用传统的应用开发方法，是非常简单易于实现的，但是使用 XForms 进行设计，如果设计不好，就会大大降低表单应用的灵活性。下文将举一个具体实例，对这一问题进行详细描述，说明如何巧妙的设计 Data Instance 来灵活的进行表单中的数据处理。






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应用场景描述

图 1 是使用 IBM Lotus Forms Designer 设计的电子表单的一部分用户界面。用户在填写表单过程中，需要填写详细地址信息。其中，当用户在“国家”下拉菜单中选择了国家之后，“省份 / 州”下拉菜单中的可选项将随之发生变化，列出该国家可选的省份 / 州。


图 1. 用 Designer 设计的表单的部分用户界面


以上应用需求，使用 Lotus Forms Designer 进行设计，最简单的方式是使用传统的 XFDL 来实现，将所有国家和省份 / 州的列表数据直接写死赋值给这些下拉菜单字段域。显而易见，这种方法虽然简单，但是没有任何灵活性。当可选国家、省份 / 州的数值列表发生变化时，必须通过 Lotus Forms Designer 修改这个电子表单（.xfdl 文件），修改之后，才能重新生效。因此，采用 XForms，使用 Data Instance，通过 XML 进行数据获取和交换，保证数据层和展现层的分离，是较好的解决方法。

那么，如何根据表单界面的需求，设计灵活合理的 Data Instance 呢？






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常用的 Data Instance 设计

最被普遍使用的也最容易想到的 Data Instance 结构，如清单 1 所示：

来源：InfoQ
　　PL/SQL是由Oracle公司对标准SQL进行扩展，专用于Oracle数据库中程序设计的专用语言，属第三代过程式程序设计语言。从Oracle8开始提供了直接从PL/SQL中调用外部C语言过程，允许开发人员用PL/SQL进行使用C语言编制的程序模块。从Oracle8i开始，又引入了Java程序。

　　在本文中主要介绍外部例程的基本原理以及使用条件，介绍如何通过引用外部例程来操作Windows中的COM对象，并做了一个操作Excel对象的示例。

　　本文的运行环境全部建立在Oracle9i和Windows2000。其中ORACLE的安装目录（ORACLE_HOME）为D:oracleora92，SID为ORADB，主机名为CHANET。

　　必要性
　　扩展后的PL/SQL语言已经集成了标准SQL，在效率和安全上非常适合设计Oracle数据库程序，但对于应用的某些功能，其它的程序设计语言比PL/SQL更适合，如：使用操作系统资源，C语言在计算和引用系统对象及使用设备上优于PL/SQL，而Java语言在网络上的应用优于PL/SQL。

　　如果在应用上要用到不适合用PL/SQL语言的话，这时就要使用其它语言进行编制，然后由PL/SQL作为外部例程进行调用。

　　在Oracle8之前的版本，PL/SQL和其它语言的唯一通信是借助于DBMS_PIPE和DBMS_ALERT包来实现，在使用之前必需建立一个OCI接口或预编译器编制的监护程序，使用比较复杂。外部例程的出现，只需在PL/SQL中建立一个函数映射到外部例程对应的函数，就像普通的PL/SQL函数使用一样，简化了使用过程。

　　基本原理
　　当引用外部C语言例程时，Oracle监听器将启动extproc进程，该进程将会动态地载入共享库（在Windows下称为动态链接库，即是DLL文件），进程起了一个缓冲的作用，当PL/SQL过程调用外部函数时，进程把命令发送到共享库，之后把结果返回给PL/SQL过程。

　　进程被调用后随着共享库的使用会话（session）而存在，如果调用完毕或者关闭数据库用户会话，extproc进程会自动关闭。
　　使用配置
　　在调用外部例程之前，必需进行如下设置：

　　·配置监听器
　　·配置Net组件服务。
　　配置监听器，打开D:oracleora92networkadminlistener.ora 文件，修改文件参数。
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CHANET)(PORT = 1521))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc1))
)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleora92)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORADB)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleora92)
(SID_NAME = ORADB)
)
)
　　其中有两部份参数对于使用外部例程是很重要的。
·(ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc1))

　　设置基于IPC协议的外部例程
·(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleora92) (PROGRAM = extproc) )

　　记录数据库的相关属性，SID_NAME在默认的情况下是PLSExtproc。

　　配置Net组件服务，打开D:oracleora92networkadmintnsnames.ora文件，把如下内容保存在该文件里。
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
　(ADDRESS_LIST =
　　(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
　)
　(CONNECT_DATA =
　　(SID = PLSExtProc)
　　(PRESENTATION = RO)
　)
)
　　重要参数说明：
·(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
·(CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO)

　　两设置必需与listener.ora里的一致。
　　重启监听器，并测试服务是否可用。
　　停止监听器：lsnrctl stop
　　启动监听器：lsnrctl start

测试服务是否可用：
C:＞tnsping EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 07-4月 -2
005 16:57:00
Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
已使用的参数文件: D:oracleora92networkadminsqlnet.ora

已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)
(KEY = EXTPROC1))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO)))
OK（30毫秒）

测试extproc进程是否正常：
D:oracleora92bin＞extproc
Oracle Corporation --- 星期四 4月 07 2005 17:37:18.968
Heterogeneous Agent Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production

　　4、使用COM对象说明
　　COM对象设计都会提供了三个基本操作给开发人员使用，分别为：获取属性值，设置属性值（只读属性除外），调用方法。Oracle数据库在Windows的平台下提供了操作COM对象的接口，属于C语言外部例程模式。
　　在使用该功能之前，需明白如下内容：

　　1) 创建COM对象操作函数。

SQL＞ CONNECT SYSTEM/chanet@oradb
SQL＞ CREATE USER chanet identified by chanet;
SQL＞ GRANT CREATE LIBRARY TO chanet;
SQL＞ CONNECT chanet/chanet@oradb;
SQL＞ @D:oracleora92comcomwrap.sql;

　　2)配置监听器。
　　在listener.ora文件里，添加如下内容，并重启监听器。
STARTUP_WAIT_TIME_LISTENER = 0
CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER = 10
TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = off
PASSWORDS_LINTENER = (oracle)

　　3) PL/SQL数据类型与对应的COM对象类型
　　表1-1数据类型比较
PL/SQL数据类型 COM API 数据类型
VARCHAR2 BSTR
BOOLEAN BOOL
BINARY_INTEGER BYTE，INT，LONG
DOUBLE PRECISION DOUBLE，FLOAT，CURRENCY
DATE DATE

　　4) 函数说明。
　　表1-2函数说明

　　名称 功能描述
　　CreateObject 创建对象
　　DestroyObject 关闭对象
　　GetLastError 获取错误信息
　　GetProperty 获取属性值
　　SetProperty 设置属性值
　　InitArg 为Invoke函数初始化参数
　　InitOutArg 为GetArg初始化输出参数
GetArg 获取输出参数
SetArg 为Invoke函数设置参数
Invoke 调用COM对象的函数或过程
　　5) 操作Excel示例

　　本节介绍如何操作COM对象（以Excel对象为例），将数据库里的表记录通过PL/SQL语句输出成Excel文件。通过对象浏览器可以查看Excel对象提供的属性和方法。（如：在Excel菜单，工具 -＞ 宏 -＞ 打开Visual Basic编辑器，在编辑器里，视图 -> 对象浏览器）。

　　使用Excel对象一般针对单元格进行操作（如，设置第一个单元格字体大小的代码为：Range("A1").Font.Size = 20）。对应的COM外部例程操作的步骤为：

　　1、获取程序句柄；
　　2、获取工作簿句柄；
　　3、获取工作表句柄；
　　4、获取Range区句柄；
　　5、获取Font类句柄；
　　6、设置Size属性。

来源：ZDNet China软件技术专区

　　在 Oracle 中，联机备份要求在 ARCHIVELOG 模式中执行对数据库的操作。在一个在线商店中，数据库必须是 24x7 都处于打开状态的，所以，让用户进行脱机备份而不访问数据库是不可能的。在这种场景中，应该在 ARCHIVELOG 模式下运行数据库，在该模式中，事务将继续运行，同时，备份处理也在继续。

　　与脱机备份不一样，联机备份只要求备份数据文件和控制文件。脱机数据库的备份单位是整个数据库，而联机备份的备份单位是一些或全部表空间。

　　在 Oracle 中，联机备份的全部思想是，当用户执行事务时，将对数据库所做的所有更改（提交或未提交的）都存储到重做日志缓冲区中，随后由 LGWr 进程把它们写到联机重做日志文件中。重做日志是以循环的方式写入的；因此，在重写它们之前，需要通过启动 ARCH 进程来手动或自动对重做日志进行归档。当记录了所有事务并在以后通过多路复用进行归档时（使用参数 LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST），如果需要进行媒介恢复，那么可以使用这些归档的重做日志进行恢复。

　　注意，使用联机备份本身无法保证您不丢失数据。像通过多路复用（放在不同的位置）控制文件使数据库免疫、使用联机重做日志和归档重做日志这样的步骤，都是避免单点故障所必需的。

　　在 Oracle 中，要从默认的脱机备份切换到具有自动归档的联机备份，您需要执行下面的操作：

　　在 init.ora 中，用适当的值填写参数 LOG_ARCHIVE_START、LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST、LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT 和 LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST 和 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_N。

　　关闭和启动装入（Mount）。

　　在 archivelog 模式下操作数据库。

　　打开数据库。

　　验证归档日志清单。

　　归档所有日志。

　　备份所有新创建的日志。

　　通过执行命令“Alter Tablespace ts_name Begin Backup”，将任何或所有联机表空间置于联机备份模式来启动联机备份。当发出这个命令时，处于联机备份模式的所有数据文件都将被发放检查点 SCN。换句话说，将把数据缓冲区的所有脏位刷新到数据文件。在初始检查点 SCN 后，就不会再发放新的检查点 SCN。对于没有处在联机备份模式的那些数据文件，随后的检查点将在它们的文件头中添加 SCN。当发出 “Alter Tablespace ts_name End Backup”时，在联机备份数据文件的的文件头中再次记录了检查点 SCN。Begin Backup 和 End backup 命令让 Oracle 知道要重做什么操作，及在前滚会在什么地方终止。

　　Oracle 建议在 Begin backup和 End backup命令之间耗用最少的时间。此外，应该在这段时间内尽量少进行用户活动，这是由于 Oracle 会在第一次更改块时记录下整个块的映像。对于联机备份数据文件，这将导致生成大量的重做日志。实际上，在执行 Begin backup后，接下来应该立刻执行系统复制，然后由 End backup来快速结束操作。备份是严格按照顺序进行的，这意味着在备份了表空间 1 中的数据文件后，将继续备份表空间 2 中的数据文件。

　　对于联机备份，需要特别注意 SYSTEM 表空间和回滚段表空间。同时，还需要确保只要对数据库的模式进行了更改，就要对控制文件进行备份。备份脚本应该反映最新的模式。

　　DB2UDB 联机备份

　　DB2UDB 执行时间点恢复的机制类似于 Oracle。要了解 DB2UDB 联机备份和恢复，就需要了解归档日志记录。有三种我们需要熟悉的日志定义：

　　活动日志 —— 该日志包含没有提交或回滚的事务，或者已提交但尚未刷新到磁盘的事务。

　　联机归档日志 —— 该日志包含已提交并且被记录到硬盘的事务的信息，和活动日志位于同一目录。

　　脱机归档日志 —— 如果将联机归档日志从活动日志所在目录移动到其他目录或磁带中，就成为了脱机归档日志。

　　有许多与日志记录有关的配置参数：

　　LOGFILSIZ —— 每个日志文件的大小，默认值是 250，单位为 4KB。

　　LOGPRIMARY —— 主日志文件的个数（默认值是 3）。

　　LOGSECOND —— 主日志文件占用满时，可以分配的二级日志文件的个数。当把这个参数设为 -1 时（版本 8），可以使用无限数量的活动日志。

　　NEWLOGPATH —— 用来更改日志文件的存储位置。要想使该参数生效，需要重新激活数据库。

　　MIRRORLOGPATH —— 日志文件的镜像路径，以避免单点故障。

　　OVERFLOWLOGPATH —— 指定前滚期间可以在哪些目录搜索需要的日志，以允许前滚操作能访问多个目录中的日志。

　　USEREXIT——用于启动用户出口功能，进行日志的自动归档。

　　BLK_LOG_DSK_FUL——当 DB2无法在活动日志路径中创建新日志文件时，防止生成磁盘已满错误。

　　为了使用联机备份，必须打开归档日志记录。通过将 LOGRETAIN 设为 ON，可以打开归档日志记录。

　　归档日志记录是一种不同于循环日志记录的日志记录机制，因为循环日志记录重写了提交的日志，而归档日志记录归档了提交的日志。

　　在归档日志记录中，不能重用已经变成归档日志的日志。要移动那些联机归档日志，您需要手动移动它们或者使用用户出口程序（user exit）来移动它们。

　　默认情况下，活动和联机归档日志保存在 SQLOGDIR 目录中。NEWLOGPATH 数据库配置参数确定了将在哪里存储未来的活动归档日志。要想使 NEWLOGPATH 参数生效，需要停用数据库（目的是关闭所有活动日志文件）。然后，重新激活数据库将导致在新路径中创建新日志文件，原来的归档日志将留在原来的路径中。

　　当进行联机备份时，将记录所有的数据库事务。在完成联机备份之后，DB2将强行关闭当前活动日志，并对其进行归档，

　　要防止脱机归档日志的单点故障，比如媒介失败，则应该使用日志镜像。MIRRORLOGPATH 是用来指定镜像路径的配置参数，它允许 DB2将相同日志文件的第二份副本写入不同目录中。您需要重新激活数据库，以使 MIRRORLOGPATH 配置参数变得有效。

　　如果将副本写入镜像日志路径时发生问题，那么 DB2将在管理通知日志中写入消息，指出已经碰到错误。DB2将继续把日志记录写入能工作的日志路径中。不需要同步日志路径。要确定哪个日志是活动的，哪些日志是归档的，请使用 DB2命令 GET DB CFG 来查看“第一个活动日志文件”。该命令提供了目前活动的日志文件，因此被归档的日志将是那些比当前日志更早的日志。

　　此外，诸如数据库、表空间或增量的备份的每个备份操作都将包括恢复历史文件（RHF）的一个副本。您可以使用历史文件中提供的信息，将整个数据库或数据库的一部分恢复到某个时间点。每个数据库都会创建一个恢复历史文件，并且在下列情况下会自动对该文件进行更新：

备份数据库或表空间。

恢复数据库或表空间。

来源：ZDNet
　　在oracle 9i中可以方便的把数据导出为文件，或者从文件导入。通过oracle的管理服务器（oracle management server，oms）可以方便的实现，整个操作过程中有很多地方需要解释说明，但是完整的指导资料不多。各大论坛上很多所谓的高手，对该主题的回答往往是，高手是不用oms的，用exp/impl吧。如果你执意追问，他多半会告诉你，其实我也不知道。如果有一份文档可以傻瓜式的指导他们如何来做，大多数人会欣喜若狂且若无其事的下载保存，回去慢慢研究。对于这样自以为高手的人，只送他们两个字：鄙视。

　　使用Enterprise Manager Console登陆的时候，会有两个选项：独立启动和登陆到Oracle Management Server。前者可以让我们执行一些普通的管理工作，比如管理帐户、数据库对象等，只有后者才能为我们提供备份的功能。不过在登陆到oms之前，你必须首先安装oms服务。

　　启动oracle universal installer，查看已安装产品，展开oracle主目录--oraHome92，如果没有oracle9i management and integration，表示你尚未安装。安装方法是：

　　在oracle universal installer的可用产品列表中，选择安装oracle 9i management and integration?oracle management server即可。

　　安装完成后，你需要配置一个管理资料库，启动：Configuration and Migration tools?Enterprise Manager Configuration Assistant。在配置操作中选择配置本地的oracle management server?创建一个新的资料库档案?典型。系统将会创建一个名为oemrep的数据库，保存管理信息，其中你需要指定sys和system帐号的密码。

　　安装完成后，启动manage server服务，windows下你可以到后台服务中直接启动，它的名字是OracleOraHome92ManagementServer。同时请保证其他自动启动的oracle服务也是启动的。

　　然后可以用Enterprise Manaer Console登陆了，帐号sysman 密码oem_temp。第一次登陆后系统会要求你输入新的sysman密码。如果在登陆的时候出现”身份证明不正确”的提示，请确认你使用的登陆帐号是sysman，如果帐号无误却始终出现该错误，请删除刚才建立的资料库，重新建一个。

　　如果你使用windows，备份数据之前，首先需要建立一个操作系统的用户，专门用于oracle备份，比如建立用户oracle_back，隶属于Administrator组和ora_dba组。然后需要在本地策略中给该用户赋一个批处理权限。方法是：

　　控制面板?管理工具?本地安全策略?本地策略?用户权利指派?作为批处理作业登陆，在该权限下面增加刚才建立的oracle_back用户。

　　回到Enterprise Manager Console，打开配置?首选项?首选身份证明，在目标名中找到你的机器名，同时它的目标类型为节点，在下面的身份证明中输入oracle_back和它的密码。然后找到你要备份的数据库名，它的目标类型是数据库，在身份证明中输入dba帐号。Ok，现在你可以备份数据了。在任意一张表中点右键，选择数据管理?导出，你就可以在作业中看到这个任务。

来源：ZDNet
　　Oracle 9i2 特色功能：
　　1、返回值为自定义对象类型的函数。例如SDO_GEOMETRY数据类型。
　　2、可以用Java或C语言编写存储过程。
　　Oracle Spatial 高级功能可以使用返回值为SDO_GEOMETRY数据类型的自定义函数作为几何列获取空间数据。
　　加密实现：
　　1、简单的数据加密。
　　1）创建返回值为SDO_GEOMETRY数据类型的自定义函数，从BLOB(或其他任意的数据类型)数据中解密出SDO_GEOMETRY数据并返回。
　　2）解密过程需要给函数传入一个密钥参数，这个密钥参数来自于你的客户端程序或Web应用程序。

　　这样，别人就无法解析你存储于Spatial中的数据了。
　　2、高级的数据加密。
　　1）用C语言创建返回值为SDO_GEOMETRY数据类型的自定义函数，从BLOB(或其他任意的数据类型)数据中解密出SDO_GEOMETRY数据并返回。这一步需要有OCI接口相关的编程技术，因此实现难度稍高一些。

　　2）C语言程序读取机器的硬件码，经过运算后得出服务端的密钥。
　　3）读取数据时还要给函数传入客户端的密钥参数，两个密钥结合才是可以对数据进行解密的最终密钥。当然，数据入库时也要用相应的密钥进行加密。
　　这样，你的空间数据就仅仅可以被特定的客户端和服务器所获取，其他程序无法获取。

来源：InfoQ
　　PL/SQL是由Oracle公司对标准SQL进行扩展，专用于Oracle数据库中程序设计的专用语言，属第三代过程式程序设计语言。从Oracle8开始提供了直接从PL/SQL中调用外部C语言过程，允许开发人员用PL/SQL进行使用C语言编制的程序模块。从Oracle8i开始，又引入了Java程序。

　　在本文中主要介绍外部例程的基本原理以及使用条件，介绍如何通过引用外部例程来操作Windows中的COM对象，并做了一个操作Excel对象的示例。

　　本文的运行环境全部建立在Oracle9i和Windows2000。其中ORACLE的安装目录（ORACLE_HOME）为D:oracleora92，SID为ORADB，主机名为CHANET。

　　必要性
　　扩展后的PL/SQL语言已经集成了标准SQL，在效率和安全上非常适合设计Oracle数据库程序，但对于应用的某些功能，其它的程序设计语言比PL/SQL更适合，如：使用操作系统资源，C语言在计算和引用系统对象及使用设备上优于PL/SQL，而Java语言在网络上的应用优于PL/SQL。

　　如果在应用上要用到不适合用PL/SQL语言的话，这时就要使用其它语言进行编制，然后由PL/SQL作为外部例程进行调用。

　　在Oracle8之前的版本，PL/SQL和其它语言的唯一通信是借助于DBMS_PIPE和DBMS_ALERT包来实现，在使用之前必需建立一个OCI接口或预编译器编制的监护程序，使用比较复杂。外部例程的出现，只需在PL/SQL中建立一个函数映射到外部例程对应的函数，就像普通的PL/SQL函数使用一样，简化了使用过程。

　　基本原理
　　当引用外部C语言例程时，Oracle监听器将启动extproc进程，该进程将会动态地载入共享库（在Windows下称为动态链接库，即是DLL文件），进程起了一个缓冲的作用，当PL/SQL过程调用外部函数时，进程把命令发送到共享库，之后把结果返回给PL/SQL过程。

　　进程被调用后随着共享库的使用会话（session）而存在，如果调用完毕或者关闭数据库用户会话，extproc进程会自动关闭。
　　使用配置
　　在调用外部例程之前，必需进行如下设置：

　　·配置监听器
　　·配置Net组件服务。
　　配置监听器，打开D:oracleora92networkadminlistener.ora 文件，修改文件参数。
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CHANET)(PORT = 1521))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc1))
)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleora92)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORADB)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleora92)
(SID_NAME = ORADB)
)
)
　　其中有两部份参数对于使用外部例程是很重要的。
·(ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc1))

　　设置基于IPC协议的外部例程
·(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleora92) (PROGRAM = extproc) )

　　记录数据库的相关属性，SID_NAME在默认的情况下是PLSExtproc。

　　配置Net组件服务，打开D:oracleora92networkadmintnsnames.ora文件，把如下内容保存在该文件里。
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
　(ADDRESS_LIST =
　　(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
　)
　(CONNECT_DATA =
　　(SID = PLSExtProc)
　　(PRESENTATION = RO)
　)
)
　　重要参数说明：
·(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
·(CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO)

　　两设置必需与listener.ora里的一致。
　　重启监听器，并测试服务是否可用。
　　停止监听器：lsnrctl stop
　　启动监听器：lsnrctl start

测试服务是否可用：
C:＞tnsping EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 07-4月 -2
005 16:57:00
Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
已使用的参数文件: D:oracleora92networkadminsqlnet.ora

已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)
(KEY = EXTPROC1))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO)))
OK（30毫秒）

测试extproc进程是否正常：
D:oracleora92bin＞extproc
Oracle Corporation --- 星期四 4月 07 2005 17:37:18.968
Heterogeneous Agent Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production

　　4、使用COM对象说明
　　COM对象设计都会提供了三个基本操作给开发人员使用，分别为：获取属性值，设置属性值（只读属性除外），调用方法。Oracle数据库在Windows的平台下提供了操作COM对象的接口，属于C语言外部例程模式。
　　在使用该功能之前，需明白如下内容：

　　1) 创建COM对象操作函数。

SQL＞ CONNECT SYSTEM/chanet@oradb
SQL＞ CREATE USER chanet identified by chanet;
SQL＞ GRANT CREATE LIBRARY TO chanet;
SQL＞ CONNECT chanet/chanet@oradb;
SQL＞ @D:oracleora92comcomwrap.sql;

　　2)配置监听器。
　　在listener.ora文件里，添加如下内容，并重启监听器。
STARTUP_WAIT_TIME_LISTENER = 0
CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER = 10
TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = off
PASSWORDS_LINTENER = (oracle)

　　3) PL/SQL数据类型与对应的COM对象类型
　　表1-1数据类型比较
PL/SQL数据类型 COM API 数据类型
VARCHAR2 BSTR
BOOLEAN BOOL
BINARY_INTEGER BYTE，INT，LONG
DOUBLE PRECISION DOUBLE，FLOAT，CURRENCY
DATE DATE

　　4) 函数说明。
　　表1-2函数说明

　　名称 功能描述
　　CreateObject 创建对象
　　DestroyObject 关闭对象
　　GetLastError 获取错误信息
　　GetProperty 获取属性值
　　SetProperty 设置属性值
　　InitArg 为Invoke函数初始化参数
　　InitOutArg 为GetArg初始化输出参数
GetArg 获取输出参数
SetArg 为Invoke函数设置参数
Invoke 调用COM对象的函数或过程
　　5) 操作Excel示例

　　本节介绍如何操作COM对象（以Excel对象为例），将数据库里的表记录通过PL/SQL语句输出成Excel文件。通过对象浏览器可以查看Excel对象提供的属性和方法。（如：在Excel菜单，工具 -＞ 宏 -＞ 打开Visual Basic编辑器，在编辑器里，视图 -> 对象浏览器）。

　　使用Excel对象一般针对单元格进行操作（如，设置第一个单元格字体大小的代码为：Range("A1").Font.Size = 20）。对应的COM外部例程操作的步骤为：

　　1、获取程序句柄；
　　2、获取工作簿句柄；
　　3、获取工作表句柄；
　　4、获取Range区句柄；
　　5、获取Font类句柄；
　　6、设置Size属性。

来源:赛迪网
　　Oracle11g有一个新增的特性INTERVAL分区，此种范围分区不需要定义MAXVALUE，Oracle会根据分区定义的INTERVAL来动态的分配新分区来容纳超过范围的数据。

　　Oracle在分配新分区的时候只会给存在数据的分区进行分配，对于不存在数据的分区并不会马上分配，而是在需要的时候才去分配。

　　分区分配策略的示例：

SQL＞ CREATE TABLE T_INTERVAL_PART
2 PARTITION BY RANGE (CREATED)
3 INTERVAL (NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1, 'MONTH'))
4 (PARTITION P1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-9-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')))
5 AS SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;

　　表已创建。

　　SQL＞ SELECT TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, HIGH_VALUE FROM USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
　　2 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'T_INTERVAL_PART'
　　3 ORDER BY 2;
　　TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE
　
　　T_INTERVAL_PART P1 TO_DATE(' 2007-09-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GR
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P113 TO_DATE(' 2007-11-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P114 TO_DATE(' 2007-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND

　　以上这个例子就是在介绍INTERVAL分区时使用的例子，不过这个例子中存在一个比较奇怪的显现，那就是对于2007年11月的分区对于的分区名称中的序号反而小于2007年10月的。

　　看到这个现象，第一个反应就是认为，Oracle根据INTERVAL的值的上限，从高到低依次创建分区，但是随后的测试发现并非如此：

SQL＞ SELECT TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME,
HIGH_VALUE FROM USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
　　2 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'T_INTERVAL_PART'
　　3 ORDER BY 2;
　　TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE

　　T_INTERVAL_PART P1 TO_DATE(' 2007-09-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GR
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P113 TO_DATE(' 2007-11-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P114 TO_DATE(' 2007-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P115 TO_DATE(' 2008-12-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND

　　Oracle并没有创建从07年12月到08年12月之间的所有的分区，而是仅仅创建了08年12月份的分区。这说明Oracle会根据插入数据的分区键值来分配所需的分区，中间没有包含数据的分区不会被创建。

　　同时也解释了为什么07年11月分区的分区序号小于10月份的，这是由于在建立分区表并插入数据的过程中，首先出现了11月份的记录，而后才出现了10月份的。

　　下面验证一下这个结论：

SQL＞ SELECT * FROM (SELECT ROWNUM RN, OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, CREATED FROM DBA_OBJECTS)
　　2 WHERE CREATED ＞= TO_DATE('2007-10-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')
　　3 AND ROWNUM = 1;
　　RN OWNER OBJECT_NAME CREATED
　　
　　68234 YANGTK T_INTERVAL_PART 2007-10-21 02:16:06
　　SQL＞ SELECT * FROM
(SELECT ROWNUM RN, OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, CREATED FROM DBA_OBJECTS)
　　2 WHERE CREATED ＞= TO_DATE('2007-9-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')
　　3 AND CREATED ＜ TO_DATE('2007-10-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')
　　4 AND ROWNUM = 1;
　　RN OWNER OBJECT_NAME CREATED
　　　　68240 SYS T_PART 2007-09-15 16:25:15

　　由于查询DBA_OBJECTS视图的时候，先查询到创建时间为10月21日的记录，因此，INTERVAL分区表先建立了上限为11月1日的分区，随后建立了上限为10月1日的分区。

SQL＞ROLLBACK;

回退已完成。

SQL＞ SELECT TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, HIGH_VALUE FROM USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
　　2 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'T_INTERVAL_PART'
　　3 ORDER BY 2;
　　TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE
　

　　T_INTERVAL_PART P1 TO_DATE(' 2007-09-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GR
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P113 TO_DATE(' 2007-11-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P114 TO_DATE(' 2007-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND
　　T_INTERVAL_PART SYS_P115 TO_DATE(' 2008-12-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALEND

注释：即便触发Oracle分配新的分区的数据被回滚了，新增分区也不会被删除。从这一点我们就可以推断，INTERVAL分区的分区分配采用的就是自治事务。

来源：赛迪网
非法数据库对象引起的错误的错误示例：

按用户 exp 时会报错(Oracle10G)

　exporting synonyms
　　EXP-00008: ORACLE error 3113 encountered
　　ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
　　EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully

Oracle8i 里面的的exp错误 ORA-00980。

跟踪文件里的错误:


　　ORA-07445: exception encountered:
core dump [joe_well_known_internal()+39] [SIGSEGV]
　　[Address not mapped to object] [0x1268D5C] [] []　　
　　
　　SELECT SYNNAM, DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME(SYNNAM),
DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME(SYNTAB),TABOWN,
　　TABNODE, PUBLIC$, SYNOWN, SYNOWNID, TABOWNID, SYNOBJNO
　　FROM SYS.EXU9SYNU ORDER　BY SYNTIME;

　　在这些数据库的用户下很可能有非法数据库对象。删除不合法的数据对象，就可以了。一般情况下生成当前用户下重编译非法数据库对象的SQL语句:

　　set pages 500;
　　set lines 200;
　　set trims on;
　　set heading off;
　　spool /tmp/1.sql;
　　select 'alter '||object_type||' '||object_name||';
compile' from user_objects where status='INVALID';
　　spool off;
　　@/tmp/1.sql;

　　下面我们来介绍一下例外的情况:
　　当原始的表被drop掉后，依据它创建的同义词就变得不能访问了。
　　原始的表重建以后，同义词仍然不可以访问。

　　但在user_objects里面的status状态是'VALID'，却不是'INVALID'。

　　这需要我们把它们找出来，运行查询同义词表结构的语句:
　　spool /tmp/1.sql;
　　select 'desc '||synonym_name||'; ' from user_synonyms;
　　spool off;
　　@/tmp/1.sql;

　　出错的同义词, 一定要先彻底删除掉，再重建创建同义词。
　　drop synonym &synonym_name;
　
　　create synonym &synonym_name for &owner.&table_name;

　　重编译后，仍然出错的数据对象，经开发人员同意后，我们还可以选择drop它们。我还遇到过一次在drop非法数据库对象的时候，不加双引号之前，提示数据对象不存在。一定要在数据库对象加上双引号就可以删掉了。(这可能跟创建数据对象所用的辅助性工具有关)

例如：

　drop table scott."emp" cascade constraints; 　　
　　drop trigger scott."trigger_name";

　　如果所有的非法数据对象都没有了，还会出现上面的错误。可能是jvm(java虚拟环境)的问题。DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME()过程函数一执行，就会报错。还有一个解决办法：重建sys用户下跟同义词有关的视图，让它找不到记录。

　　drop view EXU9SYNU; 　　
　　create view EXU9SYNU as
　　SELECT　"SYNNAM","SYNNAM2","SYNTAB",
"TABOWN","TABNODE","PUBLIC$","SYNOWN",
　　"SYNOWNID","TABOWNID","SYNOBJNO","SYNTIME"
　　FROM　　sys.exu9syn
　　-- WHERE　 synownid = UID; (原来的视图创建方法)
　　WHERE　 0=1;
　　
　　grant select on sys.EXU9SYNU to public;

　　至此，按用户导出数据时，则可以跳过同义词的部分，继续后面的工作。

来源:赛迪网
　　在实际的开发应用中，关于Oracle数据库，经常听见有人说建立一个数据库，建立一个Instance，启动一个Instance之类的话。 其实问他们什么是数据库，什么是Instance，很可能他们给的答案就是数据库就是Instance，Instance就是数据库啊，没有什么区别。在这里，只能说虽然他们用了Oracle,可能有了一定的经验，不过基础的概念还是不太清楚。

　　什么是数据库，其实很简单，数据库就是存储数据的一种媒介。比如常用的文件就是一种，在Oracle10G中，数据的存储有好几种。第一种是文件形式，也就是在你的磁盘中创建一批文件，然后在这些文件中存储信息。第二种就是磁盘阵列形式，这个是什么意思呢，这个就是说明数据库不是存放为某个文件，而是把一个或者多个磁盘格式化成Oracle的一种格式了，等于整个磁盘就是存放Oracle数据库的，不能作为别的用途。这样的优点是存储性能高，因为不再借助别的文件格式了，而是把整个磁盘都成为Oracle最适应的文件系统格式。当然还可能有别的形式，比如网络什么的。不过我们最常用的还是文件格式的，在文件格式中，数据库指的就是那些数据文件，控制文件以及REDO文件等等一系列文件。

　　而什么是Instance呢，Instance其实就是指的操作系统中一系列的进程以及为这些进程所分配的内存块。在Oracle中，我们可以新建一个Oracle的Instance，这个时候虽然有了进程还有SGA等一系列的内存快，但是这个时候并没有把数据库文件读取进来。所以只是一个实例，在后来，你可以通过命令手动或者自动地把数据库文件加载进我们的数据库Instance中，这个时候的数据库才可以让我们真正的开始访问操作。

　　所以说，数据库的应用如果想实现，数据库和数据库Instance是缺一不可的，如果只有数据库的那些文件，那么，只能代表数据在这个文件中，但是我们无法直接进行操作。而如果只有数据库Instance，那么我们虽然可以急性操作，但是也不知道操作哪些数据，操作生成的数据也无法保存等等。所以，当一个Oracle Instance真正Load了一个Oracle Database了以后，数据库才可以被我们使用。

　　在这里要注意一点的是，Oracle的实例在启动以后，只能load一次数据库，如果想把数据库与Instance断开，然后再重新挂在（一个数据库Instance，那么就需要你首先把数据库Instance进程结束，然后重新建立这个instanc的一个进程，再load另外一个数据库。否则肯定要抛除ORA-16169错误，说数据库已经被打开。因为一个数据库Instance在其生存期中最多只能load和打开一个instance。

来源:IT专家网
　　BPR(企业流程重组)是20世纪90年代由美国的MichaelHammer和JameChampy提出的。从其诞生之初，关于它的争议就从未间断过，而实施后的高失败率，更是让很多企业在其面前踌躇不前。实施BPR的初衷是:为企业营造一个适应市场竞争机制的良性空间，使企业能够在激烈的竞争中占据先机。然而最初理念的极端化与实际实施状况的冲突，导致了BPR在应用上产生很多误区。

　　哈默博士1990年发表的论文《业务流程再造———不要自动化，而要推倒重来》，在后来经过专家实践证明，只是一种管理思想，而非可行的方法; 甚至有的学者认为，“推倒重来”的说法太过激进，在实际运用当中过于简单，太片面了。相当一部分咨询机构和管理顾问在为企业提供管理咨询的过程中，把BPR当作了向顾客推行解决方案的“利器”，是企业重整业务、提升战略地位的制胜法宝，更是实现企业信息化的必经之路。在其长期的推崇之下，令相关企业人士对BPR的认知产生误区，这个导向也致使企业对BPR期望过大。

　　有人曾经统计过，70%的企业在实施BPR项目5年后宣布项目失败或者成败参半。“企业流程重组本质上是一场革命。革命就是要改变现存的东西，包括习惯、地位、观念、行为方式乃至利益分配。革命使很多东西变得不确定，而不确定会使人们变得焦虑和痛苦。”电信研究院企业管理研究所所长王育民如是说。流程重组如果成功，可为企业带来相当高的竞争优势。如AT&T，该公司通过重组客户订单处理流程，在缩减了35%人员的同时，将交货时间从“月”单位减少到“天”单位。

　　但是，一旦流程重组失败，那么大量投入就会打了水漂。

　　怎样才能掌握实施BPR的契机呢?相关专家认为，如果不掌握流程管理的内涵，就无法探讨BPR; 如果企业缺少流程管理基础，贸然实施BPR，必然会造成更大的混乱。有的企业结合各种原因，最终没有实施BPR，而直接实施了ERP，因为他们认为ERP只是管理软件，并不需要企业流程重组，事实证明，这又是一个认知的误区。到底应该如何理解ERP和BPR的关系呢?其实，ERP的应用，不仅仅是引入一套现代化的管理软件，使企业的日常经营管理活动自动化，它更重要的是要对企业传统的经营方式进行根本性的变革，使其更加合理化、科学化，从而大幅度地提高企业的经营效益。这就需要在实施ERP前将企业流程重组，使之符合需求，尤其是国内的绝大部分企业的流程并没有完全自动化。

　　光明乳业信息总监赵春雨在实施ERP的过程中深有感触:由于ERP的实施，极大地改变了企业业务的现状，新的运作工具的使用，对生产力有很大的促进，原有的业务流程必然需要进行优化调整，也就是需要进行BPR。他认为，必要的步骤是不能省略的，试图跨越将会产生巨大的风险。

来源:IT专家网
　　为企业选择ERP，就像给孩子选择奶粉一样。不同年龄段的孩子，要选择不同成长阶段的奶粉; 如果用错了，那么孩子就难逃消化不良的厄运。孩子吃了不好的奶粉，会造成残疾，企业若使用了不适合自己的ERP，也会患上重病。

　　企业在选择ERP时，SAP售前顾问总监(华北区、华东区)于志伟先生说，一定要请专业的咨询师来对自己的企业进行评估，要真正认识自己到底处于一个什么样的成长阶段。他举例说，由于所处的行业不同，单纯比较产值是不能衡量一个企业的规模的。假如拿一个零售企业和石油企业做对比的话，一个最小的石油企业可能也会比一家大的零售企业产值要高，所以，确定一个企业是否处于大中小哪个层次，一定要放进相同的行业，让专业的、对这个行业熟悉的咨询人士做出评估，然后确定自己的ERP产品。

　　作为ERP软件厂商来说，SAP也针对不同的企业，制订了不同的方案。概括说来，就是根据大中小企业，推出了"三段"ERP产品。据于志伟先生介绍，过去，SAP一直致力于高端，而随着市场的进一步扩展，中小企业对ERP的需求也日益迫切，所以，SAP陆续推出了中高端和中低端产品。

　　举例来说，如果一个企业在该行业中处于规模较大的企业，那么SAP就会向它推荐使用高端的商务套件，这套ERP软件就会整合企业内部和外延的各种资源，在人力、财务等各方面进行优化管理，这是很容易被大家接受的。事实上，对于中高端用户选择ERP，人们已经觉得习以为常了，那么在中小企业来说，他们又如何穿上ERP这件外衣呢?如何让它既好看又能起到保暖的效果呢?

　　于志伟先生认为，中小企业的ERP之路经不起一波三折。考虑到中小企业的承受能力，他们不可能在失败之后，否定一个方案，再选择另外的方案; 一般情况下，对于中小企业来说，ERP的一次失败，很可能就是它的终结，它不可能再有力气来选择第二次了。

　　正是基于这种考虑，SAP在充分考虑成本风险的情况下，整合全球两万家企业的管理经验，为中小企业定制了一套ERP方案。这个"第三段营养素"的精华则在于，它可以为企业的不断成长留下发展空间。于志伟先生说，严格说来，这套系统也许算不上完整的ERP，只是里面几个最重要的模块，但是，这几个模块就可以解决中小企业面临的最大的问题。这套软件的灵活性在于，它可以随着企业的成长，把已有的成果可以更好的移植和完善。

　　实施ERP的风险是无处不在的，对于"输不起"的中小企业来说，规避风险是他们无时无刻不在考虑的问题。于志伟先生讲了一个故事。一个家电零售业的老板说，"我现在的压力很大。一开始我是做一个店，只想把它经营好就行了; 可是随着发展，我开起了第二家、第三家，直至现在的一百家连锁店。各个分店的采购、销售都是独立进行的，和我基本上没什么关系了; 即使我一年每天都不停地飞到各店，可也无法自己监督他们的经营情况; 就算我都把这些店里的人安排成我自己的亲戚，可是我也没有那么多的亲戚啊!所以我只有选择ERP，虽然它存在着风险，但是我没有其他的选择。"

　　这样的情形在很多中小企业里都可能存在。所以在讨论投入的风险和取得的收益的时候，企业需要弄清楚，上ERP不是上不上的问题，而是如何选择的问题。在选型结束后，还需要注意：系统上线并不意味着ERP的成功。ERP的实施绝不仅仅是一个简单的项目，"上线"并不是终点，而是一个新旅程的开始。一般来说，ERP项目的先期投资非常大，而期望的应用生命周期也在10～20年左右。企业组织起一个团队，用了15～30个月的时间终于完成了项目的"上线"，怎么能在投入使用的一个月后就散伙呢?

　　想像一下，一个历时3年、花费数百万美元所建成的大型化工厂，在开工不久就把他们的工程师们遣散回家。这显然是不可能的。在未来的岁月里，工厂还要仰仗这些工程师来不断发展。保留ERP项目实施小组的主要人员--包括业务和技术人员，可以保障ERP的应用，处理应用中的瓶颈问题，改进系统，并且继续寻找提高生产力的方式。

【IT专家网】作为软件集成商和系统专业人员，在我的职业生涯中我已经帮助实施了数十个ERP和业务软件系统。有一天我想――“能给我的“孩子们”贴上条形码吗?”我有6个"孩子"，我觉得应该有更好的办法来知道他们是何时离开的(销售)、何时回来的(收入)以及某个时候谁在家里(盘点存货)。

　　因为许多客户对他们将从条形码系统中获得的回报没有准确的把握，我认为我的计划将给客户关于该技术的选项和功能的一个更人性化的说明。是的，给我的孩子们贴上条形码将给他们直接的感受。

　　不开玩笑了，说正经的。业主、库存管理人员或是任何承担业务中产品流动任务的人员都知道他们需要某种东西。他们看到许多成功的企业都部署了条形码解决方案。但它到底意味着什么――部署和维护这样一个系统需要什么。

　　现在你必须将条形码系统与你的ERP系统集成，否则你就只是在浪费时间和金钱。条形码意味着生产力，其与ERP系统的集成会提高生产力，而不集成则会使其无效。

　　有两种扫描方法――无线和有线。

　　无线扫描：Symbol和Intermec是两种更受欢迎的品牌。条形码可以完成各种不同的功能如接收采购订单、发送销售订单、采集单据或装箱单或者进行实地盘存。其基本原理是：采购部门购买某种产品并下了订单，当产品到达仓库时，接收人员扫描产品，但必须首先扫描订单，这样产品就能被分配给正确的接收人。接收、发送或进行实地盘存的过程节省了时间、金钱并且错误更少。取决于具体的ERP系统，数据或者将在发布前集中以供审核或者直接进入库存从而增加特定订单的收货数量。

　　有线扫描：其工作方式与无线扫描有很大差别。确切地说，它替代了键盘输入。扫描仪操作者可能是在发送屏幕前、实地盘存屏幕前或是接收屏幕前。他们扫描物品条码而不是必须输入物品编号或进行查询，从而有效地替代了键盘输入而且错误更少。其主要缺点是操作者被拴在了计算机旁。我不止一次看到用户将计算机和有线条码扫描枪放在带轮子的桌上。

　　现在谈谈打印：最终将有人必须在某个地方打印条形码。理想情况下，条形码打印将与你的企业资源计划系统集成。这是最终的目标并能提高效率。Zebra条码打印机在标签打印机中占有很大市场份额，它是一个很好的选择。高质量的标签也是必需的，应对标签在要被粘贴的各种环境中进行测试，如低温、潮湿或高温环境。

　　条形码节省时间、金钱并能减少错误。它甚至能让单调的工作变得更有趣从而减少雇员更换。如果我现在要是能让我的孩子们停留更长时间以进行准确的实地盘存，我会这样做的。

来源：VOIP中国
　　ERP是企业管理信息化的核心，能否成功实施和应用ERP是企业实现提高管理效率，降低管理成本等信息化建设目标的关键所在。但是，对于信息化基础相对薄弱的中国企业来说，ERP的复杂性使得企业在进行ERP选型和实施时面临种种困惑，而超过50%的ERP失败率更让决策者进行ERP投资时举棋不定。

　　困惑一：成功 Vs. 失败？

　　提起ERP，最令CEO们举棋不定的是：ERP的应用价值在哪里？对企业决策者来说，与企业在生产设备或者销售渠道等方面的投资相比，ERP投资不是一笔小的投入，但是在生产设备上的投资或者销售渠道等方面的投资都能以产量或者销售量的提高作为回报，然而ERP所许诺的投资价值却迟迟不能兑现。那么，ERP究竟能为企业带来什么？如何评价ERP的成功与失败呢？

　　ERP的真正价值在于它解决了企业内不同角色之间的信息不对称。决策者需要掌控企业经营管理的重要信息，职能部门间需要掌握上下游的信息，通过信息的掌握不同角色就能够把握机会，作出决策，从而提高业务链的整体运作效率，降低运作成本。例如，对于企业经营决策者来说，ERP的价值在于掌握各个部门的经营和管理信息，预测、监控和指导各个部门的经营和管理，有效进行企业的战略决策。对于企业中层管理者来说，ERP的价值在于掌握部门内业务运作信息，预测、监控和指导部门工作；了解相关业务部门的业务信息，实现业务协同。对于企业业务人员来说，ERP价值在于及时、快捷地记录、整理和获取业务信息，保证业务协同，实现业务运作的高效。

　　衡量ERP实施成功与失败的标准也就在于它能否实现ERP的价值。分析ERP实施失败的案例，80%以上是由于"信息孤岛"和"信息不对称"的问题没有得到解决，主要表现ERP应用模块独立运行。在这种情况下，也难怪一位ERP应用人员反映"ERP甚至没有EXCEL表格好用".这是ERP实施的悲哀！因此，ERP选型和实施过程中，应采取如下一些措施保障ERP价值的实现，如：

　　1、 进行业务流程优化，以流程管理突破职能管理，保障业务流的通畅；
　　2、进行信息资源规划，预测"信息"在各个业务部门的利用程度，以信息共享代替信息孤岛，实现ERP的应用价值；
　　3、进行ERP系统模块的统一规划，优先实施业务协同性好的模块，保证先期实施的系统产生业务协同价值。

　　困惑二：企业特色 Vs. 管理规范？

　　ERP是一种先进的管理理念，好的ERP系统体现了一种科学、规范、细化的管理方法。因此，决策者在选择ERP的时候，实际上也就在企业内引入了一种全新的规范管理方法。另一方面，企业管理者在多年的经营管理中已经形成了很多适合行业特色、本企业自身特色和本企业领导者特色的管理方法，这些方法符合企业自身的文化特色，在业务经营中发挥着很重要的作用。

　　遵循规范、科学的ERP还是坚持灵活的企业特色成为决策者必须解决的问题，通常有三种答案：

ERP软件的实施是一项艰巨的工作，而且客我两方都有尽快上线使用、发挥作用的期待，那么有什么办法可以实现这点呢？



从本质上说ERP实施就是两件事，一是软件设置调整，二是数据准备，要尽快上线
使用，也只能从这两点出发，来寻求解决办法。



先说软件，一个ERP软件要发挥作用，首先软件的设置要基本符合客户的管理需要，这样就需要调整，因为系统默认的流程和设置可能与客户的需求不一样，这个工作可以在现场调研时进行，在实施人员与客户深入交流时，可以即时将这些内容设置到软件中，为什么需要这样做？因为这是初始的设置，由于有客我双方的人在场，而且是有针对性地讨论问题，在讨论结果出来后，就应该即时在软件中加以实现，而不是回去写标准文档，再交双方讨论确认这样的过程，因为下次讨论时由于场景不同有可能会导致歧见，从而造成人为的阻滞。

最近看到对CRM失败率的报告连篇累牍，已经由几年前炒作的50%上升到现在所谓的70%，照这样的速度炒下去，几年后失败率就是100%了。实在是有些令人害怕，我并不是想文过饰非，而是觉得不应该因为失败率高而停步不前。

　　自从CRM进入中国以来，居高不下的失败率一直是CRM业界和企业心头挥之不去的阴影。我们来看国内CRM的失败率是如何造成的。

　　白纸

　　CRM发展到今天仍在不断地完善和创新，能够帮助企业与客户建立更加紧密的联系，帮助企业发展，这已经是大家广泛认可的。客户细分、忠诚度计划、生命周期价值、交叉销售、升级销售以及其他一些方法在各行各业中广泛应用并取得了良好的效果。

　　墨点

　　同其他的新技术一样，很多企业将CRM视为救命稻草，上了CRM之后一切都会好起来，期望过高，不仅仅CRM不是救命稻草，SOA也不是，任何一种新技术都不是。

　　有个别的软件商还是实行售前卫星上天，售后蜗牛爬山的策略，那么他的CRM必然失败。在售前给了客户过高、甚至是不切实际的期望，而实施后企业得到的效果可想而知，造成了不小的心理落差。

　　国内有些中小企业的CRM项目的实施几乎无法叫实施，软件几乎无法定制，上门安装之后，经过简单的用户培训，也许几个小时项目就完成了；甚至可以网上购买光盘，自己安装。那么我们是否也将这种项目定义为CRM项目呢？

　　项目成功与失败的标准

　　我们衡量CRM成功与失败的标准是什么？我认为，每个企业有自己的实际情况，以相同的标准搞一刀切，是不科学的，需要建立一套完整的评估指标体系来衡量CRM的成功与失败，根据企业的情况形成企业CRM项目的评估标准，再进行评估。

　　CRM还处于发展阶段，因为CRM本身就是要不断地从各个方面进行提升和改进，不断发展和完善。如果我们盯住墨点不放，那么就会影响CRM的发展，也会失去机遇。

A公司是一家规模较大的工业企业，经过多年的发展，其生产的几十种产品不仅覆盖全国，而且远销国外，经济效益可观。为了增进企业管理水平，满足集团管理的要求，A公司于2003年底正式启动了ERP项目，并于2004年成功上线，半年后实现单轨运行，并一直保持平稳运行的状态。

A公司信息中心人员发现，由于ERP系统主要是对日常运营基础数据的管理，公司领导很少用到这个系统，很多领导需要的报表制作还是需要在系统外进行编制和流转。基于这个原因，他们决定在ERP系统上拓展一个新项目—BI系统，意在抽取ERP中的数据，并形成供管理人员查看的报表系统。

于是，A公司在ERP系统单轨运行后很快就进行了BI软件选型，并组织相应实施人员进场开始工作。可未曾料到的是，原本预定于4个月就能结束的项目，过了7个月还是一拖再拖。是领导需求不迫切，还是其他的因素在阻碍项目的进展？原来，经过几个月的项目实施，无论是信息中心的IT人员还是软件公司的实施人员都发现，系统无论从内容还是形式，或者是操作上，都与最初项目启动时的设想出现了较大的偏差，完全无法匹配领导的要求。

点评：想想此次BI的实施，A公司也是煞费苦心，投入颇多。而在此时，系统里也算是满满当当的数据和报表，数据的抽取和查看也可支持，可为什么仍是不适合使用呢？原因很简单，A公司此次的项目系统和业务之间竟是断裂的，无非就是对于经营分析缺少考虑的缘故。

A公司启动项目的最初目标比较单纯，只是为了吸引公司领导能够多使用系统，而使用的方式，在这里则定义为信息查询或者说报表查询。这个需求描述简单笼统，而且在实施前，没有专门的咨询顾问，甚至没有专门人员对系统需求进行调研和细化。于是，直接导致在系统实施过程中，实施人员在系统设计时对使用人员的需求考虑不够全面，如：只是单纯地进行数据抽取和报表统计，没有充分考虑到分析的重点和分析意义；单纯的报表和数据罗列，未考虑到结果展示的重要性和使用便捷性等等。


挽救方案

六步重整BI系统

为了及时纠正和提升项目价值，A公司此时要做的就是快速切入经营分析，并对系统进行调整。

第一步，需要对项目的目标，也就是BI系统建设的目标进行清晰描述和分解。

系统建设总体目标是：以ERP系统数据为基础，对公司生产、经营活动进行全方位、多视角的综合分析，为公司经营决策提供必要的信息支撑，同时为建设公司数据仓库做准备。这个目标在第一期中已解决，目前则主要在于报表的生成和展示：解决ERP系统报表功能弱、生成速度慢、实现较复杂、展现方式不灵活等问题；将处理统计报表和分析报表的功能从ERP系统中分离出来，提高系统的运行性能和报表处理性能；建立一个业务智能门户，将ERP中重要信息以安全、综合、灵活(个性化)的方式展现给使用者。

某企业主要从事自行车的生产，其现在有多款自行车，都要用到前轮、后轮、前轮固定架、后轮固定架四种零件，若用现在的管理方法，他们在建立BOM时，都要去指定一下，其用了这四个零件。而有20款自行车要用到这些材料时，则要指定80次，如果现在把前轮换掉的话，则又要到产品信息中去，重新指定新的零件，又要20次重复的操作，显然这么管理起来很不方便。

　　企业希望能够找到一个比较好的解决方法，能够实现以下目的：

　　1、建物料清单时，尽量的简单、方便，不需要在物料清单新建时，多次的去关联相同的东西，这些重复性的工作最好能够避免。

　　2、物料清单维护时，若有某个材料需要换掉，那最好只要更改一处即可，而不要去更改每个产品的BOM。当然，不能直接通过原由的零件信息更改而完成这个功能，一方面，原来的零件的信息要存档，以备以后查询，另一方面，这零件有可能以后还要用，所以，不能把原来的零件信息直接改掉或者删除。

　　现行企业管理的状况：

　　顾问通过对这家企业的调研，发现企业对于物料清单的管理还是比较原始，如没有对BOM进行分阶管理，没有进行虚拟件管理等等。对于客户提到的这种情况，他们主要遇到如下问题：

　　1、产品物料清单管理错误百出。如自行车行业，很多零件都是共用并且是配套的。如前后轮及其固定架等零件都是配套，前轮换掉后轮也要换掉。但是，在实际工作中，由于人为的疏忽，经常犯错误。如现在企业发现，有一种新的自行车轮子，质量好，价格又便宜，企业想换掉，他可以在现有的20款车型中使用。但是，企业在变更BOM时，要么只变更了一个轮子，要么只改变了部分车型。

　　2、当有新款车型出现，建立BOM时，步骤过多，比较麻烦。如上举的例子。若自行车有4个是其他车型共用的零件，在建立新款自行车的BOM信息时，其要指定四次，当共用零件多时或者新款车型多是，这管理起来非常的麻烦。

　　ERP解决方案：

　　ERP为了解决诸如此类的问题，发明了一个专有名词：虚拟件。其可以帮助企业很好的解决这个问题。虚拟件是指把那些在多款产品中，要用到的共用零件虚拟成一个零件来管理，如此做的好处，是显而易见的。

　　如企业企业，前轮、后轮、前轮固定架、后轮固定架等四个零件是20款车型中共用的零件。现在，通过虚拟件与虚拟BOM，把他虚拟成一个部件，如叫做车轮套件。然后在把这四个零件关联到这个个车轮套件中去。

　　1、把共用零件当作一个零件来使用，则在新建BOM时，不用在重复的去关联这些共用的零件。如现在要新建一款车型的物料清单时，只要在BOM清单中，把车轮套件加进去就可以了，而不用再去选择四个零件，如此，可以节省很多时间，同时，犯错误的几率也会小很多。

　　2、当其变更时，也非常的方便。如当市场上出现更合适的车轮时，企业只需要更改车轮套件这个BOM中材料，则自行车的物料清单会自动更改，因为其关联的是车轮套件，而不关心车轮套件里面到底包含哪些内容。这就给更改提供了非常方便的平台。

处在成长初期的中小企业有着什么样的根本需求？就是生存和发展的需求，生存与发展是超越企业一切的重大问题，也是中小企业首要考虑的问题。而解决这些问题就需要推进信息化建设，通过信息化改善中小企业生存环境，提高行政办公效率，增强企业综合竞争力。所以生存和发展就是中小企业信息化的核心需求。那么，市场上有没有这样的信息化方案和服务能够帮助中小企业发展？

　　这就是信息化基础——办公自动化建设。然而面对种类繁多、五花八门的OA，大多数中小企业显得困惑，难于下手。该用什么样的办公自动化软件? 如何迈出自己在信息化的康庄大道上的第一步呢？这是很多中小企业非常关心的重要问题。

　　“适合的才是最好的。”这句生活中充满了哲理的话，对于企业信息化而言同样适用。实施办公自动化前中小企业应当先问问自己，我的企业现状如何，需要什么？这套系统、服务适合我吗？弄清了这两个问题，企业就可以踏上自己的信息化之旅了。

　　分析一下中小企业的信息化现状与需求特点:首先，中小企业电脑数量少，用户数少，所以不需要特别高端的数据库，而以适用为主；其次，中小企业工作流相对简单，所以不需要特别复杂的功能，而以实用为主；再者，中小企业管理体系不太规范，IT人才缺乏，所以需要产品的易用性和维护性俱佳；另外，中小企业规模小，资金有限，需要信息化产品的价格也相对低廉。

　　基于以上简析，可发现中小企业选用OA软件最根本的原则就是实用、适用、操作简单、使用方便。

　　通达科技CEO高波认为：“中小企业尤其是小企业要实现信息化第一步要做的事情，就是选择简单易用的产品和服务，同时要有强大而具有责任心的服务商，还有行之有效的方案，这样信息化起步就快，见效也快。

　　在针对中小企业应用的OA软件中，作为中小OA的代表，通达OA可称是其中的典范。在它身上，我们能够看到这类优秀的OA软件是如何与中小企业特点完美融合在一起的，或许能给中小企业OA选型以一番启发。

　　首先，中小型OA应采用Mysql数据库，这是现有产品中运行速度最快的数据库系统，并且用户权限设置简单、有效，具有非常出色的逼近高端数据库的性能，更重要的是该数据库是开放免费的，这样就为用户降低大量成本。这点通达OA表现突出。而若选择其他的数据库就需要额外掏钱购买昂贵的正版，否者只能用盗版。

　　其次，中小型OA系统应主要集成包括内部电子邮件、短信息、公告通知、日程安排、工作日志、通讯录、考勤管理、工作计划、网络硬盘、工作流、讨论区、投票、聊天室、文件柜、人事档案、工资管理、人员考核、办公用品、会议管理、车辆管理、图书管理、手机短信、CRM、列车时刻查询、电话区号查询、邮编查询、法律法规查询、万年历、世界时间等多个常用价值的功能模块。通达OA也包含这些功能，并贯穿企业的日常办公要素，去除掉华而不实、利用率低的闲置功能，以紧凑、实用的功能契合了中小企业的办公需要。

　　再者，中小型OA的易用性应非常强，在安装维护上提供了采用独有技术开发的傻瓜型安装工具、配置工具和数据库管理工具，用户可在1分钟内自行安装完毕，无需专业人员即可自行维护。这点通达OA优势明显。另外，它附带一个类似QQ或MSN的简便的客户端，无须登陆系统就能发送、上传、下载各种文件(通知、消息)，进行系统升级、设置等工作。系统还能让用户极为方便设置权限和自定义工作流。

　　另外，与动辄十几万元甚至数十万元的其它OA软件相比，一些中小型OA仅两三万元，性价比很高。比如通达OA的完美服务版本价格只近2万元，而且终身免费服务和升级，无限用户数，远多于普通OA软件的用户层层限制，既节约投资，消除了大量隐性成本。

　　更为重要的是与一般OA软件所不同的不仅仅是它的价格，以通达为代表的中小型OA更是敢在业界推出先用后买、1个月无条件退款保证的独特销售方式，用户可免费下载试用版试用再决定是否购买。先用后买的销售方式使得中小企业可以做到“只买好的，不选贵的”，充分降低企业的软件投资风险。这也显出此类中小型OA独具魅力。

　　现在业界有种看法，认为“OA软件越贵越好”。 通达科技CEO高波说，这其实是一种片面的想法。实际上，产品的价格高并不等于其产品的品质高，也不等同于产品的功能强大，产品价格的高低取决于厂商的技术水平、营销策略以及服务理念。如基于Lotus平台的OA系统，往往还要额外配置微软IIS平台来支持这些应用，这也增加应用、安装、维护的难度；再如，大多数软件国内厂商依靠的是庞大、多级的分销组织模式，然而这种分销模式使经营管理成本、经销渠道费用骤加，最终产品性价比降低，等等。

　　OA系统不象ERP，其需求一般比较标准，其技术复杂性也不是很高。所以，高价绝不是选择OA产品的正确途径，应该着眼于软件的实际价值。不能说原本挺便宜的东西，人家一提价我们就认为其品质上有了质的飞跃。也许东西还是原来的东西，最多换个包装，穿个马甲就打着高价的幌子来倒卖呢。

　　也需要指出的是，为满足中小企业用户喜欢“小而全”的特点，有的OA集成了人事、客户、财务等功能模块，这些模块往往是“看起来很美”，但并不能代替专业的管理软件，只能做最简单的记录和备份工作。目前OA系统的设计理念更趋向于建立一套通用性较强的平台，提供各种通用性高的功能模块并使这些模块具有最大程度上的可定制性，以此来满足不同行业不同用户的不同需求，而不是为了好看，捆绑一些多余的功能。

　　推广实施OA，根本目的不仅是帮助企业建立一套完整的管理系统，更重要的是透过先进的管理思想和方法实现管理的提升、业务的改善。这就决定了企业在OA或OA的选型过程中必须立足企业的实际需求，结合企业自身的实际情况逐一对照，从产品和供应商方面认真综合比较，以主流的企业办公自动化软件为目标，最终选定企业所要用的OA。

　　总之，中小企业选择OA软件既不能求大、求全，又不能随便、凑合，必须根据自身特点选择一个实用、适用、易用、通用、性价比高的软件，只有这样才能让软件在自己的企业内发挥最大的功效，给企业带来最大的回报。

　　“只选对的，不选贵的，鞋子穿到脚上要合适才行”。这是对中小企业选择OA的中肯建议。

序言：协同软件处在关键时期

　　协同软件在中国走过了5个发展年头，5年来，专业厂商对市场关注度的增强，以及传统管理软件厂商的积极介入，使中国协同软件呈现出“井喷”的发展势头。2005年以来，产品

　　领先的专业协同软件厂商复旦协达www.CTOP.cn，由专注应用研究与产品开发的科研机构转型为独立品牌软件供应商，中国信息产业发展研究院所属机构对此分析指出：“协达的成功转型，不仅表明技术型协同软件厂商与市场结合后具备强大竞争力，同时带动了中国协同软件由市场培育走向成熟应用”。

　　在市场渐渐走向成熟应用的同时，协同软件也遭遇了不少疑问，有人甚至认为协同软件被严重高估。对于协同软件持悲观论调的人，大凡对协同软件了解不深，或者有过高期望，有的人认为协同软件一无用处，有的人认为协同离“理想国”差距甚远。无论是过于否定，还是过高期望，都对协同软件产业发展不利。复旦协达首席架构师冯宏卫博士在接受媒体采访时曾经谈到：避免悲观和冒进，才是对待协同软件的正确态度。协同软件的价值不可抹灭，但协同软件也不是包治百病的灵丹妙药。

　　对协同软件的正确态度，有利于协同软件的健康发展。2006年以前，复旦协达等厂商花了大量精力，积极推广协同软件的理念，全方位阐述协同软件的发展历程和给用户的应用价值，以加强协同软件的认知度。2006年后，协同软件即便还存怀疑的目光，但协同软件的概念已被广泛认知。在此关键时期，协同软件的推广，应该围绕着用户在管理工作上的重点，突出协同软件的功能核心，用协同工作的思想变革用户传统的管理与IT应用。

　　工作流是管理重点

　　工作流(Workflow)，是指工作的次序、步骤等工作过程，也常常被称为工作流程，工作流管理有时也被称为业务流程管理(BPM，Business Process Management)。从20世纪80年代后期，很多学者开始把工作流管理放到一个更广泛的意义上来阐述。为了区别于生产管理中的“流程”概念，“业务流程” 的说法开始流行。目前，全球几乎所有商学院都把“工作流管理”纳入教学课程。因为工作流能够使工作事务在多人之间有效流转，而带来协同应用效果，从而占据协同软件的“核心”地位，也成为协同软件驱动各项应用步骤与程序的引擎。

　　工作流的概念主要包括了流动(Flow)和过程(Process)，即“流”、“程”，分别从动态和静态的角度来阐述流程。目前，工作流的内涵和外延有了进一步纵深发展，它几乎渗透了管理的每一个环节：收文、发文等公文管理工作流; 请示、汇报等行政管理工作流; 客户报备、回访等客户管理工作流; 技术评估、新产品组合原则、产品上市策划等产品项目工作流; 服务体验、投诉处理等服务工作流; 人员招聘、入职、培育、考评等工作流; 知识入档、调用等知识管理工作流; 预算、审核、报销、信用评估、风险控制等财务管理工作流……在实际工作中，“流程”也成为管理者提及率最高的管理内容之一，甚至可以说：工作流无处不在。

　　在经营中，任何一项战略、计划的设施，都有其有形或无形、有意或无意的相应操作流程。保罗-托马斯和大卫-伯恩的《执行力》一书中，明确指出：如果执行力失缺，再完美的策略也会随时崩溃; 而优秀的执行力，却可以随时弥补策略的缺陷，取得良好的效果。同时该书还指出：管理中的战略、人员、业务三大流程对于执行力的作用举足轻重。中国管理领域的知名学者，哈佛大学企业管理博士后余世维先生在《赢在执行》一书的第76页也写道：解决执行力的关键问题是把握人员、战略、运营三个执行力的核心。

　　综上所述不难看出，工作流已经成为日常经营管理和信息管理的重点。

SOA与ERP，两个IT领域的热门词汇，究竟能碰撞出什么样的花火?SOA就是过去那个半死不活的ERP的救命稻草?相信时间能给予我们答案。

　　今年6月，金蝶引入IBM战略投资，与其一起推广SOA是双方合作的主要内容; 几天之后，浪潮与IBM在山东成立中国首家SOA创新中心; 8月21日，国内ERP老大用友紧跟浪潮之后，也牵手IBM，成立SOA创新中心; 而新中大也在早前选择微软的。NET平台构建基于SOA的应用软件平台。

　　在SOA大行其道的2007年，ERP与SOA能迸出什么样的火花?是SOA终结ERP，还是ERP终结SOA?

　　SOA不是一件产品、不是一项技术，而是一种新的构建IT系统的思想。它作为一个非常灵活的、基于标准化可随需定制的、面向服务的企业架构，这些年在中间件领域“兴风作浪”。

　　而在应用软件的圈子里照样是炙手可热的新概念，厂商、顾问们言必称SOA。王文京曾认为将为用友在新一轮技术变革中带来“最大后发优势”的即是SOA(面向服务架构)。而金蝶继引入IBM战略投资之后，又联合IBM召开SOA技术大会，大力推动BOS平台，布道SOA。

　　从二十世纪九十年代以来，ERP成为企业必上的一个系统，发展成为拥有许多功能模块的大型体系结构。但企业在应用的过程中发现，计划、部署这些模块往往需要好几年的时间。

　　系统需要复杂的定制、调整，才能适应商业流程，而与其他应用的集成则需要更复杂的编程，不少大公司都拥有数十或数百个点对点连接需要进行维护。

　　在传统ERP的弊病面前，SOA成为一根救命稻草，凡是做软件的人都在讨论SOA，SOA一下成了应用软件开发的最高境界。随之而来，各个企业纷纷更换软件，一夜之间几乎所有的ERP软件都SOA了。

　　SOA概念的提出是为了解决动态的B2B应用整合的问题。如果各家ERP厂商能够按照SOA的观念，遵循标准化的规范，把服务以标准的方式提交、展现出来，那么，不同ERP厂商的产品则可以互通、对接，SOA的价值在于跨越了不同应用系统、不同技术的整合，这种整合将改变现有的商业模式。

　　SOA与现今流行的Web服务紧密联系在一起。ERP厂商未来可以基于标准，将传统应用模块分解成更小的构件，并把这些构件作为可以重用的web服务，用户通过网络就能够极方便地选择和安排他们所需要的构件，生成最贴合自己需求的ERP系统，从而实现在最低成本下对既有应用和连接外部服务的整合。

业务构件--企业实现SOA的必经之路2007-12-06 来自：conanpaul  [收藏到我的网摘]

SOA到底如何在企业内实施?这个问题的答案有很多，但是从SOA的本质来看，SOA的原始想法就是将企业职能服务化，在市场变化时将这些服务重新连接形成新的服务，满足客户的需求，因此要解决这个问题，就是将企业职能固化，通过技术的方式形成一个个的业务构件，在市场变化时，将这些可以重用业务构件通过新的流程串联起来，支持业务部门形成可以对外提供的、新的服务。

在传统的业务建设过程中，我们创建了一个个的梅花桩，他们各自独立，因此现在需要将这些梅花桩联系起来，因此我们有了SOA，但是SOA到底如何实施呢?简单的方式就是把这些梅花桩通过一根线[ESB]联系起来，然而这根线联系起来的系统只是解决了一个连接的问题，无法在客户需求变化时，通过流程串联的方式形成新的服务，因为这些梅花桩之间要连接，就存在一个耦合的问题，既然耦合就有个接口问题，ESB解决了连接的问题[通过松耦合]，但是也仅仅是松耦合，仍然是有耦合的。

业务构件--企业实现SOA的必经之路2007-12-06 来自：conanpaul  [收藏到我的网摘]

SOA到底如何在企业内实施?这个问题的答案有很多，但是从SOA的本质来看，SOA的原始想法就是将企业职能服务化，在市场变化时将这些服务重新连接形成新的服务，满足客户的需求，因此要解决这个问题，就是将企业职能固化，通过技术的方式形成一个个的业务构件，在市场变化时，将这些可以重用业务构件通过新的流程串联起来，支持业务部门形成可以对外提供的、新的服务。

在传统的业务建设过程中，我们创建了一个个的梅花桩，他们各自独立，因此现在需要将这些梅花桩联系起来，因此我们有了SOA，但是SOA到底如何实施呢?简单的方式就是把这些梅花桩通过一根线[ESB]联系起来，然而这根线联系起来的系统只是解决了一个连接的问题，无法在客户需求变化时，通过流程串联的方式形成新的服务，因为这些梅花桩之间要连接，就存在一个耦合的问题，既然耦合就有个接口问题，ESB解决了连接的问题[通过松耦合]，但是也仅仅是松耦合，仍然是有耦合的。

SOA和基于标准的Web服务以及基于互联网的交付模式的出现为新的软件平台的技术创新提供了重要的基础。我们称作SOP(面向服务编程)的一种突破性的软件组件化技术就是这些技术创新之一。SOA的重点是使用“服务操作”的各个系统之间的通讯，而SOP是为建立灵活的应用程序模块提供一种新的技术。这种模块把内部流程、本地服务操作当作“组装的元件”。 SOP不是仅仅使用服务访问这些系统，而是提供一种模块驱动的技术，使用内存中的服务镜像运行一个完整的应用程序。由于这些内存中的服务能够通过Web服务标准或者任何专有的协议透明地实现外部化，SOP能够自动地把SOA添加到应用程序模块中，并且从“内部”进行实时整合，从而消除价格昂贵的数据复制的需求。SOP模块能够用来改变和集成数量级，比单独使用SAO速度更快、更方便。

　　模块驱动的SOP开发和多租户服务虚拟机

　　SOP把一个内存中的服务合成技术与面向服务的和模块驱动的编程架构结合在一起，不使用编码和脚本把应用程序模块制作成服务。SOP与“内部的SOA”一起把应用程序组件化和集成功能统一起来，从而消除了把应用程序和SOA集成服务器捆绑在一起的需求。由于这个SOP范例是由模型推动的，因此不需要许多复杂的插件“中间件”产品，如从工作流和商务流程管理工具到数据交换工具的各种中间件软件。通过消除整个SOA中间件软件栈的需求，模型推动的SOP改变了软件自动化的经济。SOP模型在运行的时候将自动地由多租户服务虚拟机运行和管理。

　　SOP采用分层次的软件模块，用最低级的、原子的服务代表这个工作的最小的部分; 用最高级的、合成的服务包含许多嵌套的服务模块。商务逻辑包括许多合成的服务。在运行的时候，这些服务在多内核、处理器和服务器上自动地以多线程方式运行并且进行分子级的虚拟化。一种类似于“Get Annual Customer Service Orders”(获得每年用户服务订单)的服务也许包括100个嵌套的服务。通过连续地执行这些服务，服务运行时环境自动把这些服务发送到多个内核，极大地减少了执行时间。服务运行时环境理解诸如数据相关性等全部并行化问题，并且不需要用户输入任何数据就能够在后台解决这些问题。这个过程完全使用超级计算机系统的并行计算能力，不需要麻烦程序员创建线程。

　　通过“透明的客观化”的力量进行融合

　　在SOP中，服务接口组成内存中封装的单元并且在运行时透明地客观化，无论在分层次的组合中的什么地方使用它们都是如此。这种把更高级别的服务模块的任何子服务组件客观化的透明的能力是SOP融合资产的核心。它是全部子组件内置的虚拟化的关键。整个多内核和服务器、内部SOA集成以及通过SOP实现的许多其它创新机制都包含这些组件。

来源：InfoQ
　　“完全解耦是极其困难和昂贵的，否则就是不可能的，”Ron Schmelzer如是说到，他是ZapThink的高级SOA分析师。一般人们都认为：系统要么是松耦合的，要么不是。在这篇最近的帖子中，Schmelzer炮轰了这个信仰。尽管松耦合的重要性得到认识已经有些时日了，但是围绕这个帖子展开的对话却收集了一些有趣的讨论。

Schmelzer如此描述松耦合的7个维度：

实现
服务契约
服务策略
过程
数据模式
基础设施
语义级别
这个报告是这样说明松耦合实现级别的：

　　所有SOA的实现必须在实现级别是松耦合的，但是显然这并不足以保证达到业务期望的那种完全的松耦合。

　　服务契约提到了使用服务描述框架的好处：

　　服务描述框架（SDF）……是一种技术中立的服务契约模板。以那种方式，新的服务契约并不是简单地替代旧的契约。除非给服务消费者提供一个转换路径，否则旧契约就永远不会被弃用。
　　延迟绑定的问题也被提了出来：

　　在这个舞台上[可能]的最佳实践就是使用一种延迟绑定的方法，该方法利用了运行时注册和基于契约的绑定，这样抽象了特定于服务消费者的绑定，并使服务契约变更照成的影响不致于蔓延开来。
　　Anil John就这一观点表示怀疑：

　　直到我们解决跨Web的无缝互操作问题之前（主要是XML到对象数据绑定引起的问题），由涉及产生和实现动态客户端代理的消费者来把运行时绑定到服务只不过就是一次视觉探索（VisionQuest）！在当前那些确实“利用运行时注册和基于契约的绑定”的环境中，唯一可行的运行时办法只限于动态绑定到不同的SOAP端点（它能在注册中使用一个运行时的查找得到），当且仅当已经在潜在的生产者和消费者之间的Web代码中完成了上述的互操作测试。
　　报告将服务策略与服务契约这样联系起来：

　　公司指望服务可变性在处理策略变更的方法与它们处理服务契约变更的方式一样：延迟绑定、启用服务仲裁、基于注册和治理。
业务过程的处理是类似的：

　　通过在元数据中定义过程并使用服务契约暴露这些过程（作为服务暴露，服务组合时采用递归方式），可以把过程实现从服务消费者中抽象出来。
第一次提到对数据模式进行不同的处理：

　　模式是服务数据互操作能力的关键。但是，当模式发生变化时情况会怎样呢？解决问题的一个关键就在于将信息和模式按照服务元数据相同的管理方式进行管理。数据模式被视为元数据的一种形式，并且异常管理、转换、服务仲裁和数据服务全部都是数据结构松耦合的关键。

　　现在，再一次回头看看服务契约中说的——“模式和服务契约没有什么不同”。

　　报告认为，尽管从基础设施观点来看，松耦合可能很容易定义，但是极少有厂商提供这种灵活性：

　　[这]意味着在任何时间，公司都可以改变他们的基础设施，而无需重新构建所有的服务消费者和提供者。

　　最后的解决方案是在语义级别描述的——动态服务定义，其中“服务接口的定义必须基于服务请求者的上下文改变。结果是，服务可以在调用之间改变它们的契约”。这种宽松的语法看起来会和REST模型一起工作得很好，但是与WS标准结合的效果在现阶段是未知的。

　　Nicholas Gall在他的分析中增加了松耦合的另一个方面：

　　这个列表遗漏了松耦合最重要的一个方面：普遍性。如果我和唯一的另一合作伙伴采用了世界上最动态的可重新配置的中间件架构，那么他和我就紧密的彼此联系到一起了。试想我们两人设计出了WS-*的自家变种，姑且称之为WS-Silo。那么，我们之间可以在一端进行随意的变更，而不会破坏另一端。但是，我们不能和其他的任何人进行互操作。

　　尽管在怎样达到松耦合上并没有获得一个广泛认同，但是在众多人的意见中，它的目标是一致的——通过将系统变得彼此来降低改变它们的成本。

“完全解耦是极其困难和昂贵的，否则就是不可能的，”Ron Schmelzer如是说到，他是ZapThink的高级SOA分析师。一般人们都认为：系统要么是松耦合的，要么不是。在这篇最近的帖子中，Schmelzer炮轰了这个信仰。尽管松耦合的重要性得到认识已经有些时日了，但是围绕这个帖子展开的对话却收集了一些有趣的讨论。

Schmelzer如此描述松耦合的7个维度：

实现
服务契约
服务策略
过程
数据模式
基础设施
语义级别
这个报告是这样说明松耦合实现级别的：

　　所有SOA的实现必须在实现级别是松耦合的，但是显然这并不足以保证达到业务期望的那种完全的松耦合。

　　服务契约提到了使用服务描述框架的好处：

　　服务描述框架（SDF）……是一种技术中立的服务契约模板。以那种方式，新的服务契约并不是简单地替代旧的契约。除非给服务消费者提供一个转换路径，否则旧契约就永远不会被弃用。
　　延迟绑定的问题也被提了出来：

　　在这个舞台上[可能]的最佳实践就是使用一种延迟绑定的方法，该方法利用了运行时注册和基于契约的绑定，这样抽象了特定于服务消费者的绑定，并使服务契约变更照成的影响不致于蔓延开来。
　　Anil John就这一观点表示怀疑：

　　直到我们解决跨Web的无缝互操作问题之前（主要是XML到对象数据绑定引起的问题），由涉及产生和实现动态客户端代理的消费者来把运行时绑定到服务只不过就是一次视觉探索（VisionQuest）！在当前那些确实“利用运行时注册和基于契约的绑定”的环境中，唯一可行的运行时办法只限于动态绑定到不同的SOAP端点（它能在注册中使用一个运行时的查找得到），当且仅当已经在潜在的生产者和消费者之间的Web代码中完成了上述的互操作测试。
　　报告将服务策略与服务契约这样联系起来：

　　公司指望服务可变性在处理策略变更的方法与它们处理服务契约变更的方式一样：延迟绑定、启用服务仲裁、基于注册和治理。
业务过程的处理是类似的：

　　通过在元数据中定义过程并使用服务契约暴露这些过程（作为服务暴露，服务组合时采用递归方式），可以把过程实现从服务消费者中抽象出来。
第一次提到对数据模式进行不同的处理：

　　模式是服务数据互操作能力的关键。但是，当模式发生变化时情况会怎样呢？解决问题的一个关键就在于将信息和模式按照服务元数据相同的管理方式进行管理。数据模式被视为元数据的一种形式，并且异常管理、转换、服务仲裁和数据服务全部都是数据结构松耦合的关键。

　　现在，再一次回头看看服务契约中说的——“模式和服务契约没有什么不同”。

　　报告认为，尽管从基础设施观点来看，松耦合可能很容易定义，但是极少有厂商提供这种灵活性：

　　[这]意味着在任何时间，公司都可以改变他们的基础设施，而无需重新构建所有的服务消费者和提供者。

　　最后的解决方案是在语义级别描述的——动态服务定义，其中“服务接口的定义必须基于服务请求者的上下文改变。结果是，服务可以在调用之间改变它们的契约”。这种宽松的语法看起来会和REST模型一起工作得很好，但是与WS标准结合的效果在现阶段是未知的。

　　Nicholas Gall在他的分析中增加了松耦合的另一个方面：

　　这个列表遗漏了松耦合最重要的一个方面：普遍性。如果我和唯一的另一合作伙伴采用了世界上最动态的可重新配置的中间件架构，那么他和我就紧密的彼此联系到一起了。试想我们两人设计出了WS-*的自家变种，姑且称之为WS-Silo。那么，我们之间可以在一端进行随意的变更，而不会破坏另一端。但是，我们不能和其他的任何人进行互操作。

　　尽管在怎样达到松耦合上并没有获得一个广泛认同，但是在众多人的意见中，它的目标是一致的——通过将系统变得彼此来降低改变它们的成本。

   Freda Bright says, "Only in opera do people die of love." It's true. You really can't love somebody to death. I've known people to die from no love, but I've never known anyone to be loved to death. We just can't love one another enough.

   A heart-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary. All day she felt nervous and apprehensive. Late in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer. To her delight, the boss aGREed to a raise.

   The woman arrived home that evening to a beautiful table set with their best dishes. Candles were softly glowing. Her husband had come home early and prepared a festive meal. She wondered if someone from the office had tipped him off, or... did he just somehow know that she would not get turned down?

   She found him in the kitchen and told him the good news. They embraced and kissed, then sat down to the wonderful meal. Next to her plate the woman found a beautifully lettered note. It read: "Congratulations, darling! I knew you'd get the raise! These things will tell you how much I love you."

   Following the supper, her husband went into the kitchen to clean up. She noticed that a second card had fallen from his pocket. Picking it off the floor, she read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You deserve it anyway! These things will tell you how much I love you."

   Someone has said that the measure of love is when you love without measure. What this man feels for his spouse is total acceptance and love, whether she succeeds or fails. His love celebrates her victories and soothes her wounds. He stands with her, no matter what life throws in their direction.

   Upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Mother Teresa said: "What can you do to promote world peace? Go home and love your family." And love your friends. Love them without measure.

　　中文：

　　弗里达-布赖特说过：“只有在歌剧中，人们才会为爱而死。” 这是千真万确的。的确，你不会因为爱一个人而死。我知道有人因为缺乏爱而死，可我从来没有听说过谁因被爱而死。我们恰好是相互之间爱也爱不够。

　　有一个感人的故事，讲的是有个女人终于决定去向老板提出加薪的要求。她一整天都焦虑不安。下午晚些时候，她鼓起勇气向老板提议。让她感到高兴的是，老板同意给她加薪。

　　当晚，女人回家后，发现漂亮的餐桌上已经摆满了丰盛的菜肴，烛光在轻轻地摇曳着。丈夫提早回家准备了一顿庆祝宴。她心想，会不会是办公室里有人向他通风报信了呢？或者……他不知怎么竟知道她不会被拒绝？

　　她在厨房找到了他，告诉了他这个好消息。他们拥抱亲吻，然后坐下来共享美餐。在她的盘子旁边，女人看到了一张字迹优美的便条。上面写着：“祝贺你，亲爱的！我就知道你会加薪的。我为你做的这一切会告诉你，我有多么爱你。”

　　晚餐后，丈夫到厨房洗碗。她注意到又有张卡片从他口袋里掉了出来。她把卡片从地板上拣起来，念道：“不要因为没有加薪而烦恼！不管怎样，是该给你加薪了！我为你做的这一切会告诉你，我有多么爱你。”

　　有人曾经说过，爱的限度就是无限度地去爱。不管妻子成功还是失败，这个男人都给予她完全的包容和爱。他的爱庆祝她的胜利，也抚平她的创伤。不管生活的道路上遇到什么，他们始终同舟共济。

　　特蕾莎修女在接受诺贝尔和平奖时说道：“你能为促进世界和平做些什么呢？回家爱你的家人吧。” 还要爱你的朋友。爱他们无止境。

I was always a little in awe of GREat-aunt Stephina Roos. Indeed, as children we were all frankly terrified of her. The fact that she did not live with the family, preferring her tiny cottage and solitude to the comfortable but rather noisy household where we were brought up-added to the respectful fear in which she was held.

　　我对斯蒂菲娜老姑总是怀着敬畏之情。说实在话，我们几个孩子对她都怕得要死。她不和家人一块生活，宁愿住在她的小屋子里，而不愿住在舒舒服服、热热闹闹的家里--我们六个孩子都是在家里带大的--这更加重了我们对她的敬畏之情。

　　We used to take it in turn to carry small delicacies which my mother had made down from the big house to the little cottage where Aunt Stephia and an old colored maid spent their days. Old Tnate Sanna would open the door to the rather frightened little messenger and would usher him-or her - into the dark voor-kamer, where the shutters were always closed to keep out the heat and the flies. There we would wait, in trembling but not altogether unpleasant.

　　我们经常轮替着从我们住的大房子里带些母亲为她做的可口的食品到她和一名黑人女仆一块过活的那间小屋里去。桑娜老姨总是为每一个上门来的怯生生的小使者打开房门，将他或她领进昏暗的客厅。那里的百叶窗长年关闭着，以防热气和苍蝇进去。我们总是在那里哆哆嗦嗦、但又不是完全不高兴地等着斯蒂菲娜老姑出来。

　　She was a tiny little woman to inspire so much veneration. She was always dressed in black, and her dark clothes melted into the shadows of the voor-kamer and made her look smaller than ever. But you felt. The moment she entered. That something vital and strong and somehow indestructible had come in with her, although she moved slowly, and her voice was sweet and soft.

　　一个像她那样身材纤细的女人居然能赢得我们如此尊敬。她总是身穿黑色衣服，与客厅里的阴暗背景融成一体，将她的身材衬托得更加娇小。但她一进门，我们就感到有一种说不清道不明、充满活力和刚强的气氛，尽管她的步子慢悠、声调甜柔。

　　She never embraced us. She would greet us and take out hot little hands in her own beautiful cool one, with blue veins standing out on the back of it, as though the white skin were almost too delicate to contain them.

　　她从不拥抱我们，但总是和我们寒暄，将我们热乎乎的小手握在她那双秀美清爽的手里，她的手背上露出一些青筋，就像手上白嫩的皮肤细薄得遮不住它们似的。

Tante Sanna would bring in dishes of sweet, sweet, sticky candy, or a great bowl of grapes or peaches, and Great-aunt Stephina would converse gravely about happenings on the farm ,and, more rarely, of the outer world.

　　桑娜阿姨每次都要端出几碟粘乎乎的南非糖果和一钵葡萄或桃子给我们吃。斯蒂菲娜老姑总是一本正经他说些农场里的事，偶尔也谈些外边世界发生的事。

　　When we had finished our sweetmeats or fruit she would accompany us to the stoep, bidding us thank our mother for her gift and sending quaint, old-fashioned messages to her and the Father. Then she would turn and enter the house, closing the door behind, so that it became once more a place of mystery.

　　待我们吃完糖果或水果，她总要将我们送到屋前的门廊，叮嘱我们要多谢母亲给她送食品，要我们对父母亲转达一些稀奇古怪的老式祝愿，然后就转身回到屋里，随手关上门，使那里再次成为神秘世界。

　　As I grew older I found, rather to my surprise, that I had become genuinely fond of my aloof old great-aunt. But to this day I do not know what strange impulse made me take George to see her and to tell her, before I had confided in another living soul, of our engagement. To my astonishment, she was delighted.

　　让我感到吃惊的是，随着我逐渐长大，我发现打心眼里喜欢起我那位孤伶伶的老姑姑来。至今我仍不知道那是一种什么样的奇异动力，使我在还没有透露给别人之前就把乔治领去看望姑姑，告诉她我们已经订婚的消息。不成想，听到这个消息以后，她竟非常高兴。

　　"An Englishman,"she exclaimed."But that is splendid, splendid. And you,"she turned to George,"you are making your home in this country? You do not intend to return to England just yet?"

　　"是英国人！"她惊讶地大声说道，"好极了。你，"她转向乔治，"你要在南非安家吗？你现在不打算回国吧？"

　　She seemed relieved when she heard that George had bought a farm near our own farm and intended to settle in South Africa. She became quite animated, and chattered away to him.

　　当她听说乔治已经在我们农场附近购置了一片农场并打算定居下来时，好像松了一口气。她兴致勃勃地和乔治攀谈起来。

    After that I would often slip away to the little cottage by the mealie lands. Once she was somewhat disappointed on hearing that we had decided to wait for two years before getting married, but when she learned that my father and mother were both pleased with the match she seemed reassured.

　　从那以后，我常常到那所位于玉米地边的小屋。有一次，当斯蒂菲娜老姑听说我们决定再过两年结婚时，露出了失望的神色，但一听说我的父母亲都对这门亲事满意时，她又放宽了心。

　　Still, she often appeared anxious about my love affair, and would ask questions that seemed to me strange, almost as though she feared that something would happen to destroy my romance. But I was quite unprepared for her outburst when I mentioned that George thought of paying a lightning visit to England before we were married."He must not do it,"she cried."Ina, you must not let him go. Promise me you will prevent him."she was trembling all over. I did what I could to console her, but she looked so tired and pale that I persuaded her to go to her room and rest, promising to return the next day.

　　但她对我的婚姻大事还是经常挂在嘴边。她常常问一些怪怪的问题，几乎像担心我的婚事会告吹一样。当我提到乔治打算在婚前匆匆回一趟国时，她竟激动了起来。只见她浑身哆嗦着大声嚷道："他不能回去！爱娜！你不能放他走，你得答应我不放他走！"我尽力安慰她，但她还是显得萎靡不振。我只得劝她回屋休息，并答应第二天再去看她。

　　When I arrived I found her sitting on the stoep. She looked lonely and pathetic, and for the first time I wondered why no man had ever taken her and looked after her and loved her. Mother had told me that Great-aunt Stephina had been lovely as a young girl, and although no trace of that beauty remained, except perhaps in her brown eyes, yet she looked so small and appealing that any man, one felt, would have wanted to protect her.

　　我第二天去看她时，她正坐在屋前的门廊上，流露出抑郁孤寂的神情。我第一次感到纳闷：以前怎么没有人娶她、照料和爱抚她呢？记得母亲曾经说过，斯蒂菲娜老姑以前曾是一个楚楚可爱的小姑娘。尽管除了她那褐色的眼睛尚能保留一点昔日的风韵之外，她的美貌早已荡然无存。但她看上去还是那样小巧玲珑、惹人爱怜，引起男人们的惜香怜玉之情。
 　　
    She paused, as though she did not quite know how to begin.
    Then she seemed to give herself, mentally, a little shake. "You must have wondered ", she said, "why I was so upset at the thought of young George\'s going to England without you. I am an old woman, and perhaps I have the silly fancies of the old, but I should like to tell you my own love story, and then you can decide whether it is wise for your man to leave you before you are married."

　　我走到她的跟前。她拍着身边的椅子，淡淡一笑。"坐下吧，亲爱的，"她说，"我有话要告诉你。"她欲言又止，好像不知道话从何说起似的。接着，她仿佛振作了起来。她说："我听你说乔治要回国，又不带你走，心里非常不安。我这份心事你是不明白的。我是一个老婆子了，大概还怀着老人们的那颗痴心吧。不过，我想把自己的爱情故事讲给你听。这样你就能明白在你们结婚之前让你的未婚夫离开你，是不是一个明智之举。"

 As many as 11 million British motorists are unable to read a basic road map, according to a survey released Monday.

   the poll revealed over three quarters of British drivers were unable to identify the motorway map symbol, while only one percent of motorists would pass the Cub Scout Map Reader test.

   "It's pretty embarrassing the majority of Cub Scouts have better map-reading skills than the majority of the adult population," said Colin Batabyal, head of underwriting and business development at eSure, which carried out the survey.

   Sixteen percent of British drivers have become so heavily reliant on satellite navigation systems that they have given up keeping a map in their car.

   "It's time for motorists to take a refresher in map-reading skills," said Scott Sinclair of national mapping agency Ordnance Survey. "Technology is GREat but the batteries won't run out on a paper map.

   "No serious hill walker would rely totally on a GPS device in case the power goes or the signal is lost, so it should be the same for the motorist," added Sinclair.

   The survey -- based on a poll of 1,000 UK drivers -- estimated Britons' poor map-reading skills resulted in 36 billion wasted miles being driven each year.

    据本周一公布的一项调查，英国多达1100万的司机不会看简单的公路地图。

    该调查发现，英国超过四分之三的司机不会辨认公路地图图标，仅有1%的司机能通过“童子军认图测试”。

    开展此项调查的eSure公司的保险和业务开发部经理柯林巴塔布耶尔说：“大多数童子军的认图能力比大多数成年人都要好，这实在令人尴尬。”

    16%的英国司机严重依赖全球定位系统，所以他们的车里都没备地图。

    英国国家陆地测量局的斯科特辛克莱说：“司机们应该在看地图技能方面补补课了。高科技固然好，但纸制地图不会出现突然没电的状况，（是最可靠的。）”

    辛克莱说：“没有哪个正儿八经登山的人会完全依靠GPS设备，以防出现没电或失去信号的状况，这对于开车的人来说应该是一样的。”

    该项对1000名英国司机的调查发现，英国人看地图能力太差造成司机们每年开了360亿英里的冤枉路。

 

Gaze at the vivid yellows, blues, and psychedelic swirls of a single emperor angelfish and you'll sense the whimsy of evolution. Go on to explore its home in lush coral reefs and you'll soon hit sensory overload, assaulted by colors and patterns that range from sublime to garish. Coral reefs are unquestionably the world's most colorful places. But why?

    瞧瞧那“皇帝神仙鱼”(emperor angelfish)身上鲜艳的黄与蓝，还有迷幻般的漩涡，你就能感受到生物进化的无奇不有了。继续走进它所栖息的繁茂的珊瑚礁，你会马上觉得感官超出负荷：由庄重到花俏的各式各样色彩与图案从四面围攻而来。珊瑚礁无疑是世上色彩最丰富的地方，但为什么会这样？

   For reasons known only to nature, color explodes across coral reefs, making them Earth's most vivid landscapes. Here in the shallows of a Fijian reef, brilliant soft corals wave in reds, pinks, and yellows as schools of fairy basslets FLASH orange and violet hues. The basslets' different colors aid in species identification, mate recognition, and even camouflage as individuals mass against the kaleidoscope of the reef. What humans see lighted by a photographer's bright strobe may look altogether different in natural light through the eyes of reef creatures. Scientists are now beginning to learn how wavelengths of light (and therefore color) change through water at different distances, and—more important—how fish see colors and what messages they might communicate.

    出于只有大自然才明白的理由，色彩在珊瑚礁各处蓬发，让它们成为地球上最明艳的景观。此处是斐济一处珊瑚礁的浅滩，艳丽的软珊瑚舞动在红色、粉红色与黄色之中，而成群的拟花鮨(fairy basslet)则闪耀着橘色和紫色的光辉。拟花鮨不同的颜色，有助于种群分辨和配偶识别。甚至当它们聚集在万花筒般的珊瑚礁旁时，还能作为的保护色。人类透过摄影师的闪光灯所见到的，可能跟珊瑚礁生物的眼睛透过自然光所见完全不同。科学家现在开始了解，光的波长（也就是颜色）在穿透水中时，在不同距离如何改变，而──更重要的是──鱼类如何看到色彩，而它们又可能沟通些什么样的讯息。

   Bold horizontal bands of black, white, and yellow pop out on a well-lighted sweetlips (Plectorhinchus polytaenia) in Indonesia. The pattern and colors actually help distort the fish's outline when seen in natural light at a distance through water, helping the animal disappear from the view of potential predators. Nearby, a neon cleaner wrasse also wears stark stripes. These little fish eat parasites off the flesh and mouths of other fish. The wrasse's stripes may signal that it is a useful helper rather than a ready meal. Neon wrasses vary in coloration geographically. A yellow cast near the head (as shown here) indicates an Indonesian species; in Fiji many neon wrasses have a yellow blaze near the tail.

    在印度尼西亚，这条被照亮的多纹石鲈(Plectorhinchus polytaenia)身上大胆的黑、白、黄相间水平条纹蹦现了出来。其实，若是在自然光下、于水中一段距离外，这种图案和色彩有助于扭曲鱼的轮廓，让它在潜在掠食者的视线中消失。旁边，一只裂唇鱼（neon cleaner wrasse）也是十足的条纹。这种小鱼以其它鱼类身上、口内的寄生虫为食。它身上的条纹可能暗示它是有用的帮手，而非一顿餐点。随地点不同，裂唇鱼的色彩也会改变。靠近头部有一抹黄色的（如图）表示是印度尼西亚种类；在斐济，许多裂唇鱼在靠近尾巴的地方有黄色条纹。

   The Pacific blue tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)—also known as the artist's pallette surgeonfish due to the shape of the dark patch on its body—was immortalized by the character Dory in the film Finding Nemo. Unlike that benignly daft creature, this real-life surgeonfish in Indonesia carries a sharp retractable blade of bone near the base of its tail. The tail's yellow blaze gives potential foes fair warning: Armed and dangerous.

    由于身上有深色斑块，所以拟刺尾鲷（Paracanthurus hepatus）又名为“画家调色盘医生鱼”，靠着电影《海底总动员》中的“多莉”一角而名垂不朽。跟那只疯疯癫癫的亲切生物不同，印度尼西亚的这只正牌医生鱼在尾巴附近有一片能伸缩的锋利骨片。尾巴上的黄色斑块给予潜在敌人清楚的警告：有武装，很危险！

   A leaf scorpionfish (Taenianotus triacanthus) scouts for errant fairy basslets in Fijian waters. This ambush predator can change its color to blend with its surroundings. It then lies still, waiting for prey to pass by. "We saw this fish pounce a couple of times," says photographer Tim Laman. "His mouth shot out and back in a fraction of a second."

    在斐济的海中，一只三棘带鲉(Taenianotus triacanthus)窥伺着一群误入禁地的线鮨。三棘带鲉是种善于偷袭的捕食动物，能够改变身体颜色以融入环境。变色完成后，它就一动不动，等猎物经过。“我们见过这只鱼的数次突袭，”摄影师提姆.雷曼说，“它的嘴一开一合仅需一瞬间。”

　　A crescent-tailed bigeye (Priacanthus hamrur) seems to wear its emotions on its sleeve—or on its whole body. This sequence of three frames of the same fish shows how it can change from largely silver to striped to solid orange-red, a transformation that occurs in a matter of seconds. Pigment cells in its skin, called chromatophores, allow it to change color, but scientists don't yet know what each color pattern signifies. Sometimes a sudden shift in color can be used to startle potential predators or threaten intruders. Red light dissipates beyond about 30 feet (10 meters), so the reddish hue of this fish would appear black in deeper waters, allowing some deGREe of invisibility for this nocturnal hunter.

　When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much older than humankind, for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, transgenerational and transspecies bonds with the universe of animals - past, present, and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run, wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh(or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of life in earnest. Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the origins of our highest accomplishments - liturgy, literature, and law - can be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable, transspecies play impulse.

　　体育运动开始于何时?如果体育运动的本质就是游戏的话，我们就可以宣称体育运动比人类古老，因为正如我们所观察到的，野兽也进行嬉戏。 狗和猫会扭抱玩球，鱼和鸟翩翩起舞，猿类会进行一些简单的、愉快的游戏。 雀跃的幼儿，捉迷藏的学童和成年摔跤者展示出人与动物界的有力的跨越世代与物种的永恒的联系--特别是幼兽，它们翻筋斗、追逐、奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑(或者看起来是)，直到愉快地精疲力尽。 他们的玩耍，同我们的一样，似乎并没有别的目的而只是给游戏者以愉悦，暂时把我们从严肃生活的痛苦中拉出来。一些哲学家称我们的嬉戏是我们本质中最崇高的部分。 依他们这些随意性很大的见解，游戏无害而且实验性地允许我们的创造力、幻想和想象发挥作用。 游戏让人们从永不间断亦不可避免的生活悲剧-与乏匮和衰退进行的枯燥抗争中得到一种解脱。 这是一个令人兴奋、给人启发的伟大见解。 这种见解的持有者宣称，我们的最高成就如宗教典礼、文学、法律的起源可以追溯到游戏的冲动。 但令人不解的是我们看到只有幼兽和小孩子才最纯粹地享受着这种冲动。 从这种比较豁达和非宿命的人性观来看，我们的运动是超时代、跨物种的辉煌的创造。

no matter how old you get, hug and kiss your mother whenever you GREet her.
不管你有多大，向母亲致意的最好方法就是，投入她的怀抱，亲吻她的脸颊。

temper, if ungoverned, governs the whole man.
放纵性情，失去自我。

the best remedy for a short temper is a long walk.
慢行降急火。

trust is the single most important factor in both personal and professional relationships.
为人做事，信任至上。

if someone says something unkind about you, you must live so that no one will believe it.
照样生活，谣言自破。

when you make your mark in the world, watch out for the envious with erasers.
当你致力于成功时，小心嫉妒者的破坏。

things that are what they seem to be, are so rare that you cannot recognize them when you see them.
事情往往不象你看到的那么简单易认。

be open and accessible. the next person you meet could become your best friend.
开放自我而易于接近，下一个见到的人可能成为你最好的朋友。

the man who never has enough time to do a job properly always has enough time to do it over again.
工作没做完，总得从头来。

there's no use going back for a lost opportunity - someone else has already found it.
机会错过不再有，有人已捡走。

a man will always remember his enemies, but he will sometimes forget his friends.
人不要牢记敌人，忘记朋友。

refuse to share personal and financial information unless you feel it is absolutely essential.
除非最基本的，不要告诉他人有关你自己的个人和财经信息。

when you find something you really want, don't let a few dollars keep you from getting it.
如果发现真爱，别让不太多的钱成为阻碍。

in prosperity, prepare for change; in adversity, hope for one.
顺境中虑及变故，逆境中有信心克服。

you may be fortunate and make a lot of money. but be sure your work involves something that enriches your spirit as well as your bank account.
你可能很幸运而赚了好多钱，但应确保你的工作给你带来了同样多的精神享受。

the greatest achievements are those that benefit others.
最伟大的成就是那些有益于他人的。

let your children see you do things for your wife, that lets them know how much you love and treasure her.
让孩子们看到你为妻子效劳，让他们感觉到你对妻子的爱和珍惜。

make a habit of reading something inspiring and cheerful just before going to sleep.
睡前读点令人鼓舞和愉快的。

the secret of happiness is learning to accept the impossible, do without the indispensable, and bear the intolerable.
承认你曾认为不可能发生的事实，去做而不需要别人认为不可缺少的条件，忍受那些被视为无法忍受的变故，这就是快乐的秘诀。

all the art of living lies in a fine mingling of letting go and holding on.
生活的艺术在于对坚持与放弃的合理调配。

success is a ladder that cannot be climbed with your hands in your pockets.
成功是得靠你自己双手攀登的阶梯。

people tend to rise to accomplishments they thought were beyond them if you show them by your confidence that they can do it.
如果你充满信心地引导，他们能取得超出他们想象的成功。

it isn't always best to be in a rush. for while it is true that the early bird gets the worm, it's also a fact that the second mouse gets the cheese.
不用总赶急，早起的鸟有虫吃不假，第二支老鼠吃到奶酪也真。

you never get a second chance to make a good first impression.
得到好的第一印象的机会就一次。

let your handshake be as binding as a signed contract.
与人握手时，给人信任感。

change worry time into planning time.
不要无谓忧虑，去做进一步打算。

nostalgia is a file that removes the rough edges from the good old days.
怀旧之情能使美好的旧时光更美好。

if you stay focused on yourself, you are going to be miserable.
只关心自己会使你变得可怜。

the two hardest things to handle in life are failure and success.
人生最难处理的两件事，就是成功和失败。

you shouldn't look back except to learn.
除了知新，还应温故。

there are two very difficult things in the world. one is to make a name for oneself and the other is to keep it.
世界上有两件事情很不一样，扬名立万和保持声誉。

the reason ideas die quickly in some people's heads is that they can't stand solitary confinement.
有的人信念丧失，只因为孤独环绕。

what the world needs is an amplifier for the still, small voice.
应让世上更多的人听到那平静而微弱的声音。

happiness is not the absence of conflict, but the ability to cope with it.
快乐不意味着没有分歧，而是有能力解决分歧。

may your dreams never disappear with age, but may they continue as alive and as beautiful as you with the knowledge that they will someday come true.
愿梦想不因岁月而流逝！愿她永远那么生动、永远那么美丽！因为你知道有美梦成真的一天。

一定的运气和机遇
谋事在人，成事在天。机遇也是非常重要的，一定要善于寻找机遇，创造机遇，抓住机遇。
想要成为优秀的顾问，需要一个漫长的过程，要多多用心，潜心体会，自然会有心得。常常要耐得住寂寞清静。多付出，不要太在意回报。坚韧不拔，终将修成正果。优秀的实施顾问，前途必然是光明的。

你应有一个清爽整洁、职业化仪表。
要知道顾问基本上是一个服务性质的工作，必须得到客户方的认可，必须让人家喜欢和你相处。不修边幅的人，不适合担任实施顾问。你的气质与风度，你能否征服你的客户让他们接受你，信任你，是项目顺利进展的关键。曾有客户讲过，如果他们不接受顾问本身，也就难以接受顾问带来的一切。除了相貌，气质，还有谈吐。彬彬有礼、条理清晰、善于表达，是良好沟通的基础。当然，自信心也很重要。而职业化，不仅仅是实施顾问的要求，它是身在职场的人们都必须具备的常识。如果想在这方面得到提高，可以去买本公关礼仪方面的书或者查询网站上的相关知识。另外可以多留心一下那些公认有修养、善谈吐人士的言谈举止，逐渐地养成习惯，固化下来。

v学习能力。
上述几条，不是独立存在，而是相辅相成，技术、管理、企业业务流程，都需要不断地学习。知识是日新月异的，必须与时俱进，活到老学到老，你往往需要在知识上走在客户的前面，有时候你必须要向客户学习，要学的东西永远太多，所以想要成为一名优秀的实施顾问，时间管理是必须要掌握的，如何合理的安排时间、有效利用时间是一门大学问，需要自己不断探索、总结。唯有热爱这个行业，对它感兴趣，甚至到了吃饭、走路、坐车、如厕也常常思考相关的问题。（睡觉就不要想了，容易失眠。: ) ） 这样算是进入状态了。你才有希望成为佼佼者。

英语水平。
SAP以及其他重要的ERP系统，大多都是西方人开发的，相关资料，尤其是最新的资料基本都是英文的，如果英语不灵，那真有跛腿的味道。况且用SAP的公司，大多是跨国企业，顾问本身又是一个很注重交流沟通的工作，所以，良好的英文水平，绝对是非常必要的。

行业知识。
行业知识浩如烟海，没有人可以掌握全部。把握好你的定位，你要了解全部的产品有什么，但你要选定一个方向，在这方面成为专家。既要广博，也要有自己的专精所在。
不要贪多，很多东西知道框架即可，用的时候懂得较快地搜索、查找出来即可。时间精力极为有限，有些东西要懂得放弃。

管理知识和项目管理知识。
应当具备丰富的管理知识。要与客户保持好关系，要有良好的服务意识。客户管理层是项目推进中最好的资源，一定要取得他们充分的信任和合作。如果你不了解管理知识，你难以让客户信服和接受。软件之所以需要实施顾问，就在于实施顾问能够通过资源调度使它具备生命力，没有产品是尽善尽美的，但是一名尽责的、优秀的实施顾问，却可以弥补产品本身的不足。网络上管理知识应有尽有，只看个人的吸收能力。另外的一个好的学习途径就是客户方管理人员，他们的管理经验更有实效性。所以，在项目的实施过程中，我们事实上就可以学到很多管理知识。这也是这项工作的诱惑和魅力之一。
作为实施顾问，项目管理非常重要。要掌握基础的项目管理知识，掌握项目管理常用的软件工具。如果你是由技术工程师转型而来，观念上的转变至为重要。实施顾问不是替客户做事，而是指导客户做事。所以尽管你眼看着一个简单的问题却在客户手中无法解决，禁不住着急，想要代做，也请你管住自己。牢牢记住实施顾问的定位，不要混淆。事实证明，这是很多做惯了技术服务的工程师在转型到实施顾问时的一个瓶颈。身为实施顾问，你的专业化，恰恰是体现在“项目管理”上面。项目管理的知识，可以充分利用互联网，用BAIDU、GOOGLE去搜吧。然后，不要浮躁，用心体会。

实施顾问的成长需要积累，难以速成，需要在挫折和失败中不断完善和提高。以下是一点建议。希望是一个引子，使关注这一职业的女士先生们一起探讨探讨。

一定的技术基础。
身为软件实施顾问，你不能不了解你的产品，当然你可以了解得粗略，不必象技术工程师那样精通，你要能够回答客户提出的大部分问题，所以需要你掌握的知识非常综合、全面——强调的是广度而不是深度，当然，如果你的深度够好，那么会更加有利。如果你的深度不够，经常回答不上客户的问题，不要紧，关键是你要留一个缓冲余地，你要知道，你应该从哪里获得帮助和支持。优秀的实施顾问，应该懂得如何调度资源。
以下为我认为实施顾问应该掌握的技术：
（1）ERP软件本身，如SAP, ORACLE中的某个或某些模块，用友、金蝶等。
（2）系统管理知识，包括WINDOWS 2000，WINXP。
（3）数据库知识，包括SQL2000、ORACLE、DB2等等，SQL技能。细分可为查询分析器的使用，数据表的操作，报表的基本技能等等。
（4）网络知识。
（5）一定的硬件知识。

 Collectibles have been a part of almost every culture since ancient times. Whereas some objects have been collected for their usefulness, others have been selected for their aesthetic beauty alone. In the United States, the kinds of collectibles currently popular range from traditional objects such as stamps, coins, rare books, and art to more recent items of interest like dolls, bottles, baseball cards, and comic books.

　　Interest in collectibles has increased enormously during the past decade, in part because some collectibles have demonstrated their value as investments. Especially during cycles of high inflation, investors try to purchase tangibles that will at least retain their current market values. In general, the most traditional collectibles will be sought because they have preserved their value over the years, there is an organized auction market for them, and they are most easily sold in the event that cash is needed. Some examples of the most stable collectibles are old masters, Chinese ceramics, stamps, coins, rare books, antique jewelry, silver, porcelain, art by well-known artists, autographs, and period furniture. Other items of more recent interest include old photograph records, old magazines, post cards, baseball cards, art glass, dolls, classic cars, old bottles, and comic books. These relatively new kinds of collectibles may actually appreciate faster as short-term investments, but may not hold their value as long-term investments. Once a collectible has had its initial play, it appreciates at a fairly steady rate, supported by an increasing number of enthusiastic collectors competing for the limited supply of collectibles that become increasingly more difficult to locate.

　　从古代开始，收藏品就是文化的一部分。 一些物品因它们的有用性被收藏，而另一些则纯粹因为它们的美被收藏。 在美国，当今流行的收藏品种类从传统物件，如邮票、硬币、珍本书籍、艺术品，到更近期一些的有趣的东西，如布娃娃、瓶子、垒球卡、连环漫画册。

　　对收藏品的兴趣在过去十年中大大地增长，部分原因是一些收藏品显示出了它们的投资价值。 尤其在高通货膨胀时期，投资者尽量购买那些至少会保持他们现有市场价值的有形资产。 一般来说，最传统的收藏品受青睐，因为它们多年后仍保持其价值。 它们拥有完善的拍卖市场，在需要现金的时候最容易被卖掉。 一些最稳当的收藏品是古老的画作、中国陶器、邮票、硬币、珍本书籍、古代珠宝、银器、瓷器、著名艺术家的作品、亲笔签名和有时代特征的家具。 其它更近期的物品有旧唱片、旧杂志、明信片、垒球卡片、彩色玻璃、布娃娃、早期汽车、古瓶和连环画册。 作为短期投资这些相对说来较新颖的收藏品的确可能更快地增值，但作为长期投资则可能不能保值。 一旦一件收藏品有了它第一次交易，它便以一个相当稳定的比率增值，这个增值率受到越来越多的热情的收藏者的支持，他们为有限的而且越来越难找到的收藏品而竞争。

Topaz is a hard, transparent mineral. It is a compound of aluminum, silica, and fluorine. Gem topaz is valuable. Jewelers call this variety of the stone "precious topaz". The best-known precious topaz gems range in color from rich yellow to light brown or pinkish red. Topaz is one of the hardest gem minerals. In the mineral table of hardness, it has a rating of 8, which means that a knife cannot cut it, and that topaz will scratch quartz.  

　　The golden variety of precious topaz is quite uncommon. Most of the world's topaz is white or blue. The white and blue crystals of topaz are large, often weighing thousands of carats. For this reason, the value of topaz does not depend so much on its size as it does with diamonds and many other precious stones, where the value increases about four times with each doubling of weight. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality. But color is also important: blue topaz, for instance, is often irradiated to deepen and improve its color.

　　Blue topaz is often sold as aquamarine and a variety of brown quartz is widely sold as topaz. The quartz is much less brilliant and more plentiful than true topaz. Most of it is a variety of amethyst: that heat has turned brown.

　　黄水晶是一种坚硬、透明的矿物质。 它是铝、硅和氟的化合物。 黄水晶宝石价值不菲。 珠宝商把这种石头称为"黄玉"。 最出名的黄玉有各种颜色如深黄色、淡棕色、浅红色等。 黄水晶是最坚硬的宝石矿中的一种。 在矿石硬度表上，它的硬度为8，这表明刀子不能割开它而它可在石英上划痕。 金黄色的黄玉品种非常罕见。 世界上大多数的黄水晶是白色或蓝色的。 这些白色或蓝色的黄水晶晶体很大，常常有数千克拉重。 由于这个原因，黄水晶的价值不像钻石和许多其它宝石那样主要依赖于其大小，重量翻一番价值即上升约四倍。 黄水晶的价值很大程度上取决于其品质，但颜色也很重要。 举例来说，蓝色的黄水晶常需放射处理以加深和改善其颜色。 蓝色的黄水晶常被作为海蓝宝石出售，许多种棕色石英被当作黄水晶广为贩卖。 石英光亮度远小于黄水晶，矿藏储量也远较黄水晶丰富。 大多数石英是一种紫水晶，高温使其变为棕色。

Once President Roosevelt’s house was broken into and lots of things were stolen.Hearing this, one of Roosevelt’s friends wrote to him and advised him not to take it to his heart so much. President Roosevelt wrote back immediately, saying,”Dear friend, thank you for your letter to comfort me. I’m all right now. I think I should thank God. This is because of the following three reasons: firstly, the thief only stole things from me but did not hurt me at all; secondly, the thief has stolen some of my things instead of all my things; thirdly, most luckily for me, it was the man rather than me who became a thief…”

　　美国总统罗斯福的家曾经失窃，财物损失严重。朋友闻此消息，就写信来安慰他，劝他不必把这件事放在心上。罗斯福总统很快回信说：“亲爱的朋友，谢谢你来信安慰我，我一切都很好。我想我应该感谢上帝，因为：第一，我损失的只是财物，而人却毫发未损；第二，我只损失了部分财物，而非所有财产；第三，最幸运的是，做小偷的是那个人，而不是我……”

　　It was quite unlucky for anyone to be stolen from.. However, President Roosevelt had such three reasons to be so grateful. This story tells us how we can learn to be grateful in our life.

    对任何人来说，家中失窃绝非幸事。但是，罗斯福总统却能找到三个感恩的理由。这个故事告诉我们，生活中，我们应该学会感恩。

　　Being grateful is an important philosophy of life and a GREat wisdom.. It is impossible for anyone to be lucky and successful all the time so long as he lives in the world. We should learn how to face failure or misfortune bravely and generously and to try to deal with it. If so, should we complain about our life and become frustrated and disappointed ever since then or should we be grateful for our life, rise again ourselves after a fall? William Thackeray, a famous British writer, said, “Life is a mirror. When you smile in front of it , it will also smile and so will it when you cry to it.” If you are grateful to life, it will bring you shining sunlight. If you always complain about everything, you may own nothing in the end. When we are successful, we can surely have many reasons for being grateful, but we have only one excuse to show ungratefulness if we fail.

　　感恩是一项重要的处世哲学，是生活的大智慧。人生在世，不可能事事顺通。对于各种失败和不幸，我们要豁达大度，勇敢地面对，并想办法解决。面对困难，我们是懊恼抱怨、沮丧气馁，陷入绝望，还是对生活满怀感恩之心，跌倒后再爬起来呢？英国著名作家威廉·萨克雷说过，“生活是一面镜子，你对它笑，它也会对你笑；你对他哭，它也会对你哭。”如果对生活感恩，你的生命将充满灿烂的阳光；如果一味怨恨，终将一无所获。我们成功时，有千万个理由感恩生活，而失败时，只要一个借口就会表现出忘恩负义。

　　I think we should even be grateful to life whenever we are unsuccessful or unlucky. Only by doing this can we find our weakness and shortcomings when we fail. We can also get relief and warmth when we are unlucky. This can help us find our courage to overcome the difficulties we may face, and receive great impetus to move on. We should treat our frustration and misfortune in our life in the other way just as President Roosevelt did. We should be grateful all the time and keep having a healthy attitude to our life forever, keep having perfect characters and enterprising spirit. Being grateful is not only a kind of comfort, not an escape from life and nor thinking of winning in spirit like Ah Q. Being grateful is a way to sing for our life which comes just from our love and hope.

　　我想，不论是遭遇失败还是不幸，我们都应该感谢生活。只有这样，失败后，我们才能发现自己的缺点和不足，不幸时，我们还能感受到安慰和温暖。这些就能帮我们找回勇气，战胜困难，并获取前进的强大推动力。我们应像罗斯福总统那样，换一个角度去看待生活中的失败和挫折，永远对生活充满感恩，才能时刻保持健康的心态，积极地生活，并能保持完美的人格和不断进取的精神。感恩不仅仅是一种精神慰藉，也不是对现实的规避，更不是阿Q的精神胜利法。感恩源于我们对生活的热爱和希望，它是我们歌颂生活的一种方式。

　　When we put a small piece of alum into muddy water, we can see the alum can soon make the water clear. If each of us has an attitude of being grateful, we’ll be able to get rid of impulse, upset, dissatisfaction and misfortune. Being grateful can bring us a better and more beautiful life.

　　把一小块明矾放入混沌的水中，我们发现，水很快就澄清了。如果人人都有一颗感恩的心，就能沉淀许多的浮躁和不安，消融许多的不满和不幸。感恩能让我们的生活变得更加美好。

To commemorate my father’s centenaries birthday, my elder brother, who lives in Yun Gui Plateau, and I went back to meet our sisters in hometown last July. Undoubtedly, this family reunion had brought tremendous excitement and happiness to our 5 separated brothers and sisters. After a solemn ceremony to our poor father who had died years ago, one of my sisters suggested travelling around our hometown to cease our grief. We all appreciated her smart idea and selected Po Yang Hu Lack as our first tour spot.

   The car was driven as quick as a gust of wind. After mere one hour’s journey, we had been far away from the dusty and noisy town. The breeze was softly blowing to our faces together with a faint sweet-smell. The smell was presenting from time to time at first. Then, it came to be clearer and clearer. We felt as if it was not simply coming through our nostrils but penetrating to our inner organs. I found the smell was very familiar, but I hardly remembered what it was?

  “Look, Lotuses!” my younger sister cried out. Along her pointed direction, we found a spectacular scene and all shouted out simultaneously! “ Wow! My God, so many lotuses there!”.

   Downward the dyke there were endless lotuses with dark GREen leaves and pink flowers around us.

   The leaves were swaying in the wind just like green waves surging from the horizon to the dyke base. The waves were dazzling with their constant changing from dark green to pale white for the leaves turning the faces and backs over and over again. At the far end, the green leaves repeatedly fell down, while the pink flowers were looked like slowly rising up, due to the flowers stems borne less wind load and had less bending, which looked like clouds of red mists slowly rolling up from the blue sea.

   The most remarkable thing was the sound of lotus wave. It was a real sound of nature. It started from the horizon and as soft as mothers’ sleeping song to their babies in cradles, gradually it became as strong as a symphony and shocked our souls intensively.
In the mean time, a shoal of egrets were soaring beneath the blue welkin. Sometimes, they stretched their long feet to lurk into or perch on the lotus leaves, sometimes, they fluttered their wings and launched to the sky with cheerful singing, which added a dynamic rhyme upon this idyllic scene.

  “Should we take off the car and go down the dyke for a close look?” my elder sister suggested. “ Good idea!” we all responded loudly and came to the bank.

   Under close look, I found the lotus leaves were as big as umbrellas. Some old ones changed the color from dark green to blight blue just as the color of mined hsiuyen jade, which gave us a deep and imposing feeling. Lots of dewdrops were still held on their palms. Under the breeze, the little water balls, as shining as diamonds, were rolling from side to side. Some of them even ran out of the leaf brims and dropped to the water generating silvery sounds like chord.

   Among the well grown leaves there were lots of young curling sprout, which were as bright and fresh as Burma jade. Perhaps it was the adolescent charming that attracted so many dragonflies’ harassment with their hesitate perching and kissing.

   Above all, the things interested me most were those outstanding lotus flowers. They were proudly standing in the waves and pointed to the sky without any modifying branch or leaf. Their moderate pink color was neither too brave nor too flaunting. Their smell was faint but very impressive. When they were in buds, they were always dressing themselves with pink points glinting on pale green bases, which looked like shying girls before marriage. However, when they were blooming, the bright petals holding golden pistils and water droplets, and were constantly emitting emotional impact to us. When wind was blowing, they resonated the rhythm of lotus waves and gently swung. They generously contributed their beauty to modify the solemn atmosphere of dark green. The whole lotus sea was vivified by their presentation.

   I was completely intoxicated and emotionally stuck on the wonderful scene until sunset befalling, when the sinking sun was goldenly glinting on the sky, the lotus sea and us. It created a spectacular harmony in both the spiritual and real worlds.

    去年夏天，为纪念我父亲的百岁诞辰，我和我远在云贵的兄长先后回到了久违的家乡与在家的姐妹们重逢。散落在天南海北的手足聚首，自然有说不尽的喜悦和感触。设坛祭奠了亡父的百岁吉辰后，姐妹们念及我难得回家，提议租车环县旅游。把家乡的景物看个够。位于县城西北的鄱阳湖自然是我们的首选。

    车行如风，不到一个小时的旅程就使我们脱离了小城的污浊和喧嚣。扑面而来的凉风带来了一阵阵沁人心脾的清香。那香味似有还无，从鼻孔里直钻入你的五脏六腑。使人回肠荡气，飘飘欲仙。那感觉似曾相识。可任凭我搜肠刮肚，却怎么也无发从记忆里找回它的踪迹。……

  “看，荷花！”身边的二妹突然脱口尖叫起来。顺着她的手指朝车外望去，嗬！好一片无穷无尽的碧叶红花！我们不禁为眼前的景象所震慑住了。

    但见我们的周围，是一片溟溟漠漠的莲荷世界。上接蓝天，下接湖堤。微风起处，掀起万重波涛，时红时碧，忽绿忽白。更有那荷声如涛，浑厚隽永。由远及近，如天籁般动人心魄。

    在蓝天和碧波之间，不时有一群翩翩白鹭，时而延足栖落，时而长鸣冲天。给这幅壮美的大自然图画横添了一笔动感的美。

   “下车仔细看吧！”姐姐提议着。“好主意！”我们大声响应着，纷纷下车下堤。在湖边驻足观赏。

    只见，那如伞如盖的荷叶，有些像深山岫玉，绿极而蓝。给人以深沉和凝重。叶内掌持的颗颗水珠，晶莹剔透。随风滚动。时而坠落湖中，叮咚有声。让人不住地产生出灵魂碰撞时火花四迸般的酣畅淋漓。有些新叶，鲜亮碧绿，还来不及伸展。大概是青春的魅力吧，早早地招惹来多情的蜻蜓，不住地挑逗。活现了宋代诗人杨万里笔下的“小荷才露尖尖角，早有青蜓栖上头。”的情景。

    不过，我觉得最美的还是那亭亭玉立的荷花。她不娇不媚，不妍不俗。色彩柔和适中，香气淡而袭人。含苞时，她红里透青，矜持羞怯。开放时，她含珠簇蕊，热情奔放。风起处，她和着海浪般的节拍，微微摇曳。把自己动人的红颜投射给庄重的墨绿氛围之中。此时，天地间仿佛飘动着缕缕粉红色的雾霭，整个荷海为之动容。……

    此时，红日慢慢西坠.一抹灿烂的天锦，把天空、荷海和湖边观赏的我们统统染成了金色，活现出一幅天人合一的壮美景观！我们完全陶醉在这万顷荷海里，久久流连忘返。……

Join the smile and compliment club

    When you smile at someone and they smile back, you automatically feel better. Even if they don’t smile back, you will feel better because you know the most destitute person in the world is the one without a smile. You immediately become richer by giving that person yours.
    The same goes for the compliment. When you sincerely compliment a person or extend him a courtesy, he is going to receive a direct benefit and like himself better. It is impossible for you to make someone feel better and no feel better yourself.

　　　
    当你对别人，别人也会对你报以，你自然会感觉很棒。即使他没有对你报以微笑，你也会感觉很棒，因为你认识到世界上最贫穷的人就是从不微笑的人，当你对那个人微笑，你立刻变得更加富有。

    赞美也是这个道理。当你真诚地赞扬抑或恭维一个人时，他将立刻受益，更喜欢自己。当你让别人感觉更好时，你自己也会感觉更好。

Always will I seek the seed of triumph in every adversity

    There is no better school than adversity. Every defeat, every heartbreak, every loss, contains its own seed, its own lesson on how to improve my performance next time. Never again will I contribute to my downfall by refusing to face the truth and learn from my past mistakes. Because I know: gems cannot shine without polish, and I cannot perfect myself without hardship.

    Now I know that there are no times in life when opportunity, the chance to be and do gathers so richly about my soul when it has to suffer cruel adversity. Then everything depends on whether I raise my head or lower it in seeking help. Whenever I am struck down, in the future, by any terrible defeat, I will inquire of myself, after the first pain has passed, how I can turn that adversity into good. What a GREat opportunity that moment may present……to take the bitter root I am holding and transform it into fragrant garden of flowers.

   Always will I seek the seed of triumph in every adversity.

    在困境中寻找成功的希望　

　　逆境是一所最好的学校。每一次失败，每一次打击，每一次损失，都蕴育着成功的萌芽，都教会我在下一次有更出色的表现。我再也不会逃避现实，也不会拒绝从以往的错误中获取经验，我不再因此而促成自己的失败。因为我知道，宝玉不经磨砺就不能发光，没有困难，我也不能完善自我。

    现在我知道，灵魂倍受煎熬的时刻，也正是生命中最多选择与机会的时刻。任何事情的成败取决于我在寻求帮助时是抬起头还是低下头。无论何时，当我被可怕的失败击倒，在最初的阵痛过去之后，我都要想方设法将苦难变成好事。伟大的机遇就在这一刻闪现－这苦涩的根必将迎来满园芬芳！

    我将一直在困境中寻找成功的希望。

When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, NY, on a child's sleigh to the sub­way entrance. Once there, he would cling to the handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice-free. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn' on his way home.

When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress. And at how he did it —— without bitterness or complaint .

He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.

Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don' t know precisely what a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.

Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local sandlot baseball team found itself |without a manager, he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.

On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, "I' ll fight anyone who will tit down with me!"

Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive even before the bout began.

I now know he participated in some things vicariously through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he "played" too. When I joined the Navy he "joined" too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that " I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, "This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different." Those words were never said aloud.

He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a "good heart".

At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, "You set the pace, I will try to adjust to you."

[日期：2007-12-07]

来源：  作者：

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背景：

读一篇博士导的文章，专论曾国藩作为权臣的安身之道。

文章历数曾国藩在从政中遇到的种种凶险，曾氏屡屡化险为夷，何故哉？文章结论是：“曾国藩作为权臣，在功高震主之下仍能身名俱泰，关键在于他熟读史书，树立了正确的从政观，看淡权力的得失，引用一班正人，广纳群言，倾听幕僚的意见，认真对待反对者的声音，危难时也不树敌，巧妙周旋，明辨是非，不搞阴谋诡计，善于以退让换平安，恪守臣道，不违友道。”

正因为如此，使得这位权臣虽处庙堂之高不胜寒处得以自保，做到善始善终，不似张居正等人身后遭罪而未得善终。

既是权臣，又是能臣。

The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planning authority and pricing watchdog, has announced that train ticket prices for the upcoming peak Spring Festival season in 2008 will remain unchanged.

This is the second straight year that the government has ruled out any rise in ticket prices during the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday period, one of the busiest transport seasons apart from the "golden weeks" of May and October.

vSong：There she goes

there she goes
there she goes again
racing through my brain
and I just can't contain
this feeling that remains

there she goes
there she goes again
pulsing throught my view
and I just can't contain
this feeling that remains

there she goes
(there she goes again)
there she goes again
(there she goes again)
racing through my brain
(there she goes again)
and I just can't contain
this feeling that remains

there she goes
there she goes again
she calls my name
pulls my train
no one else could heal my pain
and I just can't contain
this feeling that remains

there she goes
(there she goes again)
there she goes again
(there she goes again)
Chasing down my lane
(there she goes again)
and I just cant' contain
this feeling that remains

there she goes
(there she goes again)
there she goes
(there she goes again)
there she goes

原因何在？

       收费太高是消费者望而却步的主要原因。

       老百姓渴望真正便利优质的服务，而不是这种类似“宰一刀”的高额服务。

国内银行资源共享再“放闸”，本周一起北京十四家银行将率先实现跨行通存通兑，其余省市也将很快跟进。但不少市民对记者表示，通存通兑方便之余，手续费高让他们难以“亲近”。

    今年五月二十日，中国央行下发《关于改进个人支付结算服务的通知》，要求银行充分利用小额支付系统，实现跨行资金转账、代理收 付和通存通兑。此次允许银行间通存通兑正源于这一《通知》。

    根据规定，周一起北京市民个人持市内任一家银行的存折或银行卡，将可以在本市另一家银行的营业网点柜台办理现金存取、转账和账户余额查询。这一银行资源共享的新举措，可以免去居民为办理具体业务在各家银行间“存款搬家”的不便，但享受这一方便需提出申请，并每次缴纳一定费用。

    据了解，中国银行北京分行执行的收费标准为每笔交易金额的百分之一，最低一元，最高一百元。农行、建行执行的收费标准则为最低十元，最高两百元。

　 不少市民反映，有的银行通存通兑收费标准高于同城跨行转账，因此并不实用。当前国内不少银行的同城跨行转账均低于这一收费标准 。

    在采访中不少市民表示，只有大笔存款需跨行支取，如缴纳购房首付款、购车款时会采用通存通兑，因为可免去在取出大笔现金转存的麻烦，“少跑腿，更安全”，相信这也是通存通兑最吸引人之处。

1、这个工作应当能帮助自己继续学习。那些可以提供良好的培训环境，不把员工当作赚
钱机器的公司，以及那些拥有好的老板，或拥有值得学习的企业文化的公司是寻找第一
份工作时的首选。
2、这个工作可以让自己在五年后有最好的发展机会：找一个可以学到很多新东西的职位
，找一个可以教你很多东西的老板，找一个在五年后有发展潜力的公司，这比表面上的
“薪资”多少重要得多。
3、如果知道自己的举和理想，那就去找最符合自己兴趣和理想的工作；如果不知道，那
就找一个能帮助自己发现兴趣和理想的工作。

二、对股市的影响

    投资者无需对明年的市场太过悲观。尽管国际经济受次贷危机影响存在很大不确定性，但国内经济环境和政府灵活应对的政策仍可以保证经济增长。由于大家的预期可能变化比较大，因此明年股市的波动可能也会比较大。

    我国经济发展过程中的主要问题是结构性问题，因此中央经济会议中提出要调结构、促平衡。在这一过程中，明年股市将会出现比较多的结构性机会，例如科技类、新能源等板块存在机会。而范迪钊认为，在鼓励消费的政策引导下，消费、服务类股票会有比较好的机会。

    在股市持续两年大牛市后，明年实施从紧货币政策对市场的影响引起各方关注。程伟庆表示，目前银行贷款已收紧，同时未来货币政策将从紧，这将会使明年市场资金面偏紧。不过，由于明年经济仍会维持快速增长势头，企业盈利尽管不及今年这样高增长，但降幅也不会太大，这将会对市场构成支撑。况且影响市场的核心因素还是自身估值水平，而不是外部因素。总体判断明年市场将延续牛市过程，股指仍有上升空间，但波动会比较剧烈。

三、对楼市的影响

      “实施从紧的货币政策，对遏制国内房地产市 场的过度投机及炒作将产生很大影响。”中国社科院金融研究所研究员易宪容认为，要防止经济增长由偏快转为过热、防止价格由结构性上涨演变为明显通货膨胀，最重要的是货币政策从紧，而货币政策从紧意味着要通过价格工具及数量工具来减少货币发行量，紧缩银行信贷规模。

    目前住房需求除以居住为目的的需求外，还包括部分以投资和投机为目的的需求：买房直接用于投资，以增值获利；以改善住房条件为目的的高收入家庭，在购买新商品房后，旧房并没有在存量房市场立即上市交易，更多的是继续持有用于投资。房地产多种需求的集中释放，导致了房价快速上升。

    专家指出，从紧的货币政策意味着会大幅加息，改变目前实际负利率的状况。而加息增加了购房者的成本，对潜在购房者的购房需求有一定程度的影响。同时，加息提高了投机成本，对抑制房地产市场的投机作用很大。中国社科院数量经济与技术经济研究所研究员李金华认为，“加息等从紧的宏观调控使得抑制投机需求成为现实，在总需求下降的情况下价格会出现一定程度的回调。”

    此外，易宪容认为，如果能够对银行信贷进行有效控制，房地产市场面临的问题就可以迎刃而解。而房地产市场增长过快的现状得到一定程度的调整，有利于解决国内固定资产投资增长过快、银行信贷增长过快、居民消费价格攀升的问题

从紧货币政策会有多紧 对股市楼市有何影响？

一、整体的经济形势

    明年实施从紧的货币政策，可以合理引导社会通货膨胀预期，通过降低货币流通速度来缓解通胀水平的进一步上升。至于货币政策会“紧”到何种程度，则需要做具体分析。

    首先，货币政策工具仍有操作空间。比如利率，目前一年期存款基准利率已达3.87%，仍有上调空间，但继续像今年一样共上调135个基点的可能性较小。尽管目前实际利率仍为负，但一些专家预期一年之后通胀率会迅速下降，因而最多上调三次就可以了。同时，央行需权衡日益缩小甚至或反转的中美利差所带来的问题。

    再看存款准备金率，目前已达到13.5%的历史高位，尽管仍可上调，但上调空间不可能大于今年。10月份以来央票利率的大幅上扬，就被市场视为央行对商业银行准备金率上调的补偿。此外，汇率工具比较灵活，但如果有预期地加速升值必然导致海外热钱涌入，加剧国内流动性过剩管理的难度。

    其次，外部经济的不确定性可能会压缩货币政策操作空间。展望2008年，世界经济增长可能放缓并影响我国出口。在此情况下，货币政策应避免“超调”。