ABAP 面试问题及答案(一)
前言
在网上找了一份英文文档： ABAP 面试问题及答案。该文档的英文原标题为： SAP ABAP Interview Questions, Answers, and Explanations: ABAP Certification Review，作者为 Barry Fewer。
现将其翻译出来，权当在做笔记。
PS，实际上，就我经过的几次面试看，没有问得这么详细的。就把这当作是学习笔记吧，这些细节对平时的开发也非常有用。
问题一：锁对象（Lock Object）和 FM（Function Module）
激活锁定对象时，产生的 FM 的名字是什么？
答案：首先要在 ABAP 字典中创建锁对象，然后才能在 ABAP 程序中设锁。创建锁对象时，系统会自动生成两个 FM 来进行锁管理。
用于设锁的 FM 为： ENQUEUE_<锁对象名>。它用于在锁表（Lock Table）中生成一个锁项（Lock Entry）。若设锁不成功的话，就会在 Return 中反映出来。
用于释放锁的 FM 为：DEQUEUE_<锁对象名>。它用于从锁表中删除一个锁项。
在 ABAP 程序中，只需使用 "CALL FUNCITION ..." 语句就可以调用它们。
这两个锁 FM 是在 SAP 系统的一个特殊工作进程中执行的，专门进行锁管理。它运行在一个单独的服务器上，而该服务器专门用于维护整个 SAP 系统的主锁表（Central Locak Table）。
有两种锁类型：
共享锁——只读锁，一个用户正在读数据时，阻止其他用户更改该数据。
独占锁——可写锁，一个用户正在修改数据时，阻止其他用户更改该数据。
问题二：更新方面的 FM
更新 FM 分为 V1 和 V2，那么首先会执行哪一种更新类型呢？每种类型又是以哪种模式（异步、同步或本地）执行的呢？
答案：V1 更新类型比 V2 更新类型的优先级高，因此，V1 比 V2 行执行。V1 的执行模式可以为异步、同步或本地；V2 只能为异步执行。
问题三：ABAP 内存（ABAP Memory）交换
在使用 ABAP 内存的程序间进行数据交换时用到的两个语句是什么？
答案：EXPORT to MEMORY ID <id> 用于将数据复制到 ABAP 内存，IMPORT from MEMORY ID <id> 用于将数据从 ABAP 内存复制到程序中。
在 ABAP 内存间进行交换的数据必须在两个程序中都进行声明，并包含同样的数据声明。
问题四：授权对象（Authorization Objects）
什么是授权对象？在 ABAP 程序中使用哪条语句进行授权检查？
答案：授权对象由一组字段组成，这些字段中的值将被用于进行授权检查。ABAP 程序中使用 AUTHORITY-CHECK 语句根据授权对象进行授权检查。在 AUTHORITY-CHECK 语句中，必须指明授权对象的所有字段，但有一个例外，可以用 DUMMY 关键字来绕过某个字段的检查。
一个授权对象中最多可以定义 10 个字段。
问题五：修改（Modifications）
在 SAP 系统中是怎样定义"修改"的？它们对更新（upgrade）有怎样的影响？
答案：修改是指用户对 SAP 发布的库对象（Repository Object）进行的更改。
必须在更新期间对修改进行评审（Review），来决定是否应该使用新的 SAP 对象，以及将来使用时是否需要进一步修改该对象。
问题六：修改助手（Modification Assistant）
什么是修改助手？
答案：修改助手是 4.5 版中引入的一个工具，用于简化更新过程。可以通过 ABAP 编辑器触发修改助手，它会记录对系统进行的修改。修改助手支持通过 ABAP 编辑器、Screen Painter、Menu Painter、文本元素维护、Function Builder 和 ABAP 字典进行的修改。
问题七：功能模块出口（Function Module Exit）
实现功能模块出口时 SAP 应用程序中应使用哪条语句？
答案：某些 SAP 应用程序中存在功能模块出口，它使用户能够向 SAP 程序中添加一些功能。通过搜索 "CALL CUSTOMER" 可以发现是否存在功能模块出口。
问题八：事务变式（Transaction Variants）
什么是事务变式？为何要使用它？
答案：事务变式是一组屏幕变式，用于预定义屏幕行为和默认值。通过使用变式功能，可以将用户不需要的字段、子屏幕及全屏幕从用户视图中取消。可以给任何输入字段设置默认值，字段也可以不用带 "Ready for Input" 状态。
只能为对话和报表事务创建事务变式；变式中只能包含普通屏幕、子屏幕及对话屏幕。
开发人员可以使用 GuiXT 脚本语言通过事务变式维护对屏幕进行修改。修改屏幕布局的方式有：插入按钮、值帮助（Value Helps）、移动对象、插入屏幕等等。
问题九：更改 SAP （Changing SAP）
请列出用户修改 SAP 标准功能的不同方式。
答案：SAP Standard 可以通过 Personalization、Customizing、Modifications、Enhancements 及自定义 ABAP 程序进行更改。这些方式的示例如下：
Personalization——Personalization 技术包含创建变式、设置/获取参数及活动组（Activity Groups）。
Customizing ——是最常用的使用 SAP 工具（如 R/3 Reference Model and Implementation Guide）更改 SAP Standard 的方式。可以认为 Customizing 是实施 R/3 所必需的，通常由 Functional Team 来执行。
Enhancements——常由开发 Team 执行，包含的活动有：字典增强、Funciton Module Exits、菜单和屏幕出口及 Business Add-ins （BADI）。
自定义 ABAP 程序——可以与 SAP 对象或自定义开发的对象一起工作。
Modifications——不建议对 SAP 对象使用 Modifications。使用 SSCR （SAP Software Change Registration）注册所有对 SAP 对象的手动修改。
问题十：添加字段
向 SAP 表中添加字段的方法是哪两种？
答案：这两种方法是：Append 结构（Append Structure）和自定义 Include（Customizing Include）。Append 结构是在向表尾添加字段时创建的，自定义 Include 由 SAP 开发人员指定，以使用户可以创建新字段。
问题十一：什么是 BADI？
答案：BADI 是 Business Add-in 的缩写。它是一种新的功能增强概念，使用 ABAP 对象技术。这是一种使用面向对象的方法来进行 SAP 增强。实现 BADI 要用到类、接口及方法等面向对象的概念。
要对一个 SAP 应用程序进行增强，必须首先定义 BADI。为 BADI 创建一个接口，接着创建一个适配器类（Adapter Class）来实现这个接口， 然后创建这个适配器类的实例。
第一篇终于完成了，：）
嘿嘿,别人的考试试卷拿过来看看,你也来测试下吧!
1. 1, At each new event,the system resets all FORMAT options to their default values.
A True B False (A)
2. You can use__________ keyword to scroll to any column or page in the list.
a. PAGESCROLL
b. SCROLL
c. SCROLLCOLUMN
d. LISTSCROLL (b)
3.In a list , the upper-left corner of the header’s first line contains:
A. The program title
B. The page number
C. The system date
D. Nothing ( c)
4.It is recommended that you use Native SQL to read data from a logical database to maintain portability from one RDBMS to another.
A . true b .false ( B)
5. If you address subordinate nodes in the hierarchy, the selection screen criteria for only that subordinate node appears.
A . true B False ( false)
6. Checks such as Authorization checks are usually performed during the event Process Before Output(PBO).
A True B . False (B)
7. If there is a _________________ statement within the END-OF-SELECTION processing block, program processing ends and the list buffer is displayed.
A . REGECT
B. CHECK
C. STOP
D EXIT (C)
8.Open SQL enables portability between different RDBMS system.
A True B False (A)
9. Join conditions are limited to key fields.
A True B False (B)
10. You can create structured lists using control-level processing
A. True B False (A)
11. When implementing control-level processing ,the AT FIRST and AT LAST statements functions as first time and last time switches and execute only once.
A True B False (A)
12. Loops over extract datasets can be nested.
A . True B False (b)
13. internal tables rely on the compiler to determine the combinations of group levels and cumulating field control level totals require.
A true B false (A)
14. Which of the following options is suitable for printing interactive lists?
A. Printing from the selection screen.
B. Printing from within the program
C Printing after the list is generated
D. Printing in the background
B
15.The user should delete all detail lists whose list level is greater than the current list level
A true B false (B)
16 . You can create object at any point in the program to generate and link objects
A true B false (b)
17. Which of the following are the standard functions offered by SAP Grid Control?
A Sorting by any column
B. Generate objects
C. Adding number columns
D Link objects
E Fixed lead columns
( A C E )
18 .when you create a screen, you must:
a. Design the screen layout in the layout editor.
b. Set the general screen attributes on the attribute screen.
c. Write the flow logic in the flow logic editor.
d. Set the field attributes in the field list.
Select the correct order:
A a, b, c, d
B c, d, b, a
C b, a, d, c
D d, b, a, c
C
19. To allow you to set the attributes of all screen elements, the Screen Painter contains an element list with four views.
A TRUE B FALSE b
20. To interrupt processing of the current screen and branch to a new screen, or sequence of screens, you use the following statement:
A CALL SCREEN
B SET SCREEN
C LEAVE SCREEN
D LEAVE TO SCREEN
A
21 The function keys that contain proposals, which comply with the SAP system's ergonomic standards are:
A Reserved
B Recommended
C Freely
D All of the above
B
22. The content of the Icontext attribute appear in the status bar of the screen when the user chooses the function.
A TRUE b FALSE b
23 .ou can initialize the command field only at PAI.
True
False
B
24. If your text consists of more than one word, use the following character as separators:
A Underscore
B Comma
C Question mark
D Space
a
25.The group box text cannot be changed dynamically.
True
False
B
26. The subscreen call must occur before the function module call.
True
False
B
27. To program a tabstrip control to scroll locally at the frontend, you must call all subscreens from the flow logic.
True
False
A
28. The following attributes contain information about the properties of the entire table control, such as the number of fixed columns:
A Column
B General
C Special
D Row
B
29. In order to display the current screen, include the ABAP statement SUPRESS DIALOG in a PBO module.
True
False
B
30 For which of the following predefined data types should you use the original variants of the standard string processing statements or the optional addition IN CHARACTER MODE?
A D
B C
C X
D T
E N
F STRING
G XSTRING
Answer: A, B, D, E, F
31 . Which of the following statements are correct?
A Sorted tables can only contain non-unique keys.
B Standard tables can only contain non-unique keys.
C Sorted and hashed tables are index tables.
D Standard tables are index tables.
E The standard key is the key of a standard table.
F The standard key always contains all components of the row type.
Answer: B, D
32 . Generic types are type definitions that are missing certain information. These missing type attributes are inherited from an actual parameter at runtime if you use the generic type for typing interface parameters.
True
False
Answer: False
33 . Which of the following statements are correct?
A Only key access works with hashed tables.
B Key access means that the search clause may only appear in the key fields of the internal table.
C Index access allows access using the row number.
D Single-record key access using READ TABLE can return several data records if you are using standard tables, because then the key is always non-unique.
E The SORT statement can sort standard tables.
F If you use INSERT ... INTO TABLE to insert a data record into a sorted table with a unique key, this will only work if the internal table contains no other data record with the same combination of values for the key components. Otherwise, the SY-SUBRC return value will be set to a number other than 0.
Answer: A, C, E, F
34. SAP recommends using internal tables without header lines to make the syntax easier to read. This is particularly helpful with nested internal tables.
True
False
Answer: True
35. Which of the following statements are correct?
A As far as possible, when you use key access, the runtime system always chooses the fastest possible variant, depending on the table kind.
B Hashed tables should not be used if you need to make many changes when you are accessing data.
C You can save lots of runtime by using field symbols and references, especially with nested internal tables.
D Binary searching is possible for standard tables.
E The fastest form of access in loop processing is usually through the row number.
Answer: A, B, C, E
36. The object-oriented programming model was developed considerably later than the procedural one. It offers more possibilities to solve problems that previously could not be solved with purely procedural programming languages.
True
False
Answer: False
37. If you copy a subclass reference to a reference variable that is typed on the superclass (narrowing cast), which components can you access with this reference variable?
A Redefined components of the superclass
B Newly defined components of the subclass
C Inherited components of the superclass
D Redefined components of the subclass
Answer: A, C
38. If a reference variable that is typed on an interface contains an instance reference of a class that implements this interface and you copy this to a reference variable that is typed on the class (widening cast), which of the following components can you access with this reference variable?
A The components of the interface
B The components from the class that are not defined on the interface
C All components of the class
D The components of the interface for which alias names have been defined
Answer: A, B, C, D
39 . If you copy an instance reference of a class, which implements an interface, to a reference variable that is typed on the interface (narrowing cast), what components can you access using this reference variable?
A The components of the interface
B The components of the class that are not defined in the interface
C All components of the class
D The components of the interface for which alias names have been defined
Answer: A
40. For a user to be able to execute an object-oriented program, you always need to supply a module pool program or a function group program. Otherwise, there is nowhere for the CREATE OBJECT statement to create the instance.
True
False
Answer: False
41. Which of the following statements are correct?
A A non-abstract class can contain abstract methods.
B An abstract class contains no implementations.
C An abstract method contains no implementations.
D Final classes cannot be superclasses within a class hierarchy.
E A final method must be redefined.
F Final classes can contain non-final methods.
G A friend of a class is also a friend of its subclasses.
H The subclasses of a class's friend are also the class's friend.
I The visibility of an instance constructor can be limited.
J A private instance constructor (instantiation only by the class itself) can be defined in the private section.
Answer: C, D, H, I
42. The new exception concept replaces the old one. Thus, all old source code sections must be rewritten. As of SAP Web AS 6.20, function modules from the SAP standard system automatically raise object-oriented exceptions.
True
False
Answer: False
43. The new exception classes can only be defined globally. This ensures central maintenance and reuse.
True
False
Answer: False
44 . The pushbuttons screen area gives a short introduction of the QuickViewer with links to the online documentation.
True
False
Answer: False
45. List fields once placed in trash can, can be retrieved.
True
False
Answer: True
46. You can access all the events of an executable ABAP program associated with a query.
True
False
Answer: False
47. The SELECT-OPTIONS statement generates an internal table with a standard structure. The fields of this table are:
A Sign
B Option
C High
D Interval
Answer: A, B, C
48 . You can delete an InfoSet whenever you want.
True
False
Answer: False
49. What are the two options available for menu enhancements?
A Customer exits
B Menu entries
C Business add-ins
D Standard Menu
Answer: A, C
50 .Screen exits are a type of customer exit.
True
False
Answer: True
51. From SAP Web Application Server 6.20 onwards, Business Add-Ins cannot contain screen exits.
True
False
Answer: False
52. Customizing includes cannot be inserted into more than one table.
True
False
Answer: False
53. Identify the step that is not followed for creating an SAP enhancement project.
A Create an enhancement project and then choose the SAP enhancements that you want to use.
B Analyze the program source code or the screen source code.
C Edit your individual components using the project management function and document the entire enhancement project.
D Activate the enhancement project. This activates all the project’s component parts
Answer: B
54. When an event is triggered in a process interface, only one external process can replace the process in the standard program.
True
False
Answer: True
55. What are the requirements for new enhancement techniques?
A Reusable
B All enhancement types
C Administration level
D Customer exits
E Implemented using the latest technology
Answer: A, B, C, E
56. You can create function codes only for single use BAdIs, which must not be filter-dependent.
True
False
Answer: True
57.To include function codes in a BAdI definition, you enter the program name, function code, and a short description on the relevant tab page.
True
False
Answer: True
58. To provide a screen enhancement using a BAdI, you need to first generate the BAdI class.
True
False
Answer: True
59.The implementing program gets the data from the Add-In class by calling the appropriate interface method.
True
False
Answer: True
60. You can modify the ABAP Dictionary objects that belong to the core of your system.
True
False
Answer: False
61. When you define a Business Add-In, the system generates a Business Add-In class.
True
False
Answer: True
62. Using data elements, structures and table types, you can create complex user-defined type.
True
False
Answer: True
63. Foreign key definitions are imparted from include to the including table.
True
False
Answer: True
64. The records of a buffered table are read directly from the local buffer of the application server.
True
False
Answer: True
1. 65. Select the statement that is NOT correct.
A The object lists created by the Repository Information System are entirely integrated in the ABAP Workbench.
B The Where-used list for Repository objects cannot be called from the information system.
C The information system enables you to search for objects by their attributes.
D You can search for all objects by the development class, short description or author, and date of last change.
Answer: B
66. Correct access by ABAP programs to a database table is only possible if the runtime object of the table is consistent with the structure of the table in the database.
True
False
Answer: True
67.Even if a table has no data, it is retained in the database.
True
False
Answer: False
68.During conversion, the tables are locked to prevent further structural changes from being made before the conversion is completed correctly.
True
False
Answer: True
69 . Maintenance views may be used as the selection method for search helps.
True
False
Answer: False
70. Which feature of SAPscript enables it to run on all front-end applications supported by SAP?
A Multilingual capability
B High performance when printing large quantities
C Uniform corporate design in documents
D Word processing scalability
E SAP R/3 Enterprise transport and translation connections
F Platform independence
Answer: F
71. Main windows cannot have different heights and cannot be positioned differently on pages where they appear.
True
False
Answer: False
72.Which sub-objects allow you to structure pages in SAPscript?
A Page layout
B Paragraph formats
C Character formats
D Windows
Answer: A, B, C
73. Which operations are performed using control commands?
A Including text in a document
B Assigning values to text symbols
C Starting or suppressing a page break
D Resetting outline paragraphs
E Evaluating conditions
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
74. Which command is used to print text elements in form windows?
A CONTROL_FORM
B DELETE_FORM
C MODIFY_FORM
D WRITE_FORM
Answer: D
75. The function module OPEN_FORM initializes form printing in a print program. Before using START_FORM in a print program for the first time, you must call OPEN_FORM.
True
False
Answer: True
76. SAP does not simultaneously support SAPscript forms and SAP Smart forms. As a result, you need to migrate SAPscript forms to SAP Smart forms.
True
False
Answer: False
77. Packages have the same attributes as development classes, but also possess additional options suitable to modeling techniques.
True
False
Answer: True
78. A form page can be used only once in a document.
True
False
Answer: False
79. Which of the following options specifies that the text of the second node begins in a new line and the two text nodes are completely independent of each other?
A New Line
B New Paragraph
C Append Directly
D Include Text
Answer: B
80. Identify the parameters of a generated function module or a form interface.
A Import
B Export
C Global Data
D Tables
Answer: A, B, D